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Infectious diseases definitions > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Endemic

A

A native disease that exists continuously in a region

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2
Q

Which part of the immune system defends against pathogenic agents in body fluids?

A

Humoral immune system

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3
Q

Cell-mediated immunity - adaptive or innate?

A

Adaptive

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4
Q

Is a shared keyboard contaminated with bacteria a disease vector?

A

No - a disease vector is a living creature that passes disease to a living creature

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5
Q

Pathogenicity

A

The ability of a microbe to cause disease

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6
Q

What is another name for a CD4+ T cell?

A

A helper cell

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7
Q

Which part of the immune system defends against pathogenic agents in host organism cells?

A

Cell mediated immunity

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8
Q

True or false: CD4+ cells help other immune system cells produce antigens

A

False: CD4+ cells help other immune system cells produce antibodies

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9
Q

A disease that was previously not present, or present at low levels in the population of a region, which is now increasing in prevalence

A

Emerging disease

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10
Q

What does a cytokine do?

A

Affects behaviour of other cells by signalling

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11
Q

True or false: Attenuate means to reduce the pathogenicity of a microbe

A

False: Attenuate means to reduce the virulence of a microbe

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12
Q

The transmission of a disease from one species to another

A

Spillover

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13
Q

True or false: Norovirus in infectious

A

True - norovirus causes disease because a pathogenic agent invades host body tissues and multiplies

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14
Q

Humoral immunity - adaptive or innate?

A

Adaptive

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15
Q

Where do cytokines come from?

A

They are secreted by certain cells of the immune system

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16
Q

True or false: The main functional unit of humoral immunity is the antibody

A

True

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17
Q

True or false: any infectious disease is also contagious

A

False - any contagious disease is also infectious

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18
Q

Streptococci - gram positive or negative?

A

Positive

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19
Q

What is a cytokine made of?

A

Protein

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20
Q

Infectious

A

Caused by or resulting from an infection with one or more pathogenic agents

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21
Q

A protein or other substance capable of triggering an immune response

A

Antigen

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22
Q

True or false: Cytotoxic T cells directly attack invading microbes

A

False: Cytotoxic T cells directly attack infected cells

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23
Q

Escherichia coli - gram positive or negative?

A

Negative

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24
Q

What is another name for a helper cell?

A

A CD4+ T cell

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25
Zoonotic
Any disease that can spread from animals and insects to humans
26
Refers to the ease with which a microbe can invade and multiply in a host, regardless of whether disease results
Infectivity
27
Which immune system cells are invaded and destroyed by HIV?
CD4+ T cells
28
True of false - there is a malaria epidemic in South Sudan
False - Malaria is endemic to South Sudan (unless there is a rapid increase in incidence exceeding normally observed seasonal variations)
29
Emerging disease
A disease that was previously not present, or present at low levels in the population of a region, which is now increasing in prevalence
30
True or false: Attenuate means to reduce the virulence of a microbe
True
31
Acinetobacter - gram positive or negative?
Negative
32
True or false: antibodies are effective against viruses but not bacteria
False: Antibodies can be effective defenders against both bacteria and viruses
33
Commensal
A relationship in which one organism lives with another organism and deriving nutrition or other benefits from it without helping or harming it
34
True or false: Lyme disease is contagious in humans
False - Lyme disease cannot be spread by direct contact between humans
35
True or false: Cytotoxic T cells help other immune system cells produce antibodies
False: Cytotoxic T cells directly attack infected cells
36
Describes the degree of pathology a microbe is capable of causing
Virulence
37
A specialized protein produced by the immune system that helps destroy disease-causing organisms
Antibody
38
True or false: an immunogen is necessarily an antigen, but an antigen may not necessarily be an immunogen
True
39
Epidemic
An increase in the incidence of a disease within a region which exceeds the number of cases normally observed
40
Virulence
The degree of pathology a microbe is capable of causing
41
Pandemic
A increase in disease incidence which spans multiple countries, regions or continents
42
What is another name for a Cytotoxic T cell?
A "killer" T cell
43
Contagious
Refers to an infectious disease which can be spread directly or indirectly from human to human or animal to animal
44
Spillover
The transmission of a disease from one species to another
45
Bacillus anthracis - gram positive or negative?
Positive
46
Staphlococci - gram positive or negative?
Positive
47
True or false: The main functional unit of cell-mediated immunity is the antibody?
False - the main functional unit of cell-mediated immunity at T-lymphocytes
48
A relationship in which one organism lives with another organism and deriving nutrition or other benefits from it without helping or harming it
Commensal
49
True or false: Cytotoxic T cells directly attack infected cells
True
50
Refers to the ability of a microbe to cause disease
Pathogenicity
51
What does a CD4+ T cell do?
Helps other immune system cells produce antibodies
52
Antigen
A protein or other substance capable of triggering an immune response
53
Infectivity
Refers to the ease with which a microbe can invade and multiply in a host, regardless of whether disease results
54
What is another name for a "killer" T cell?
A Cytotoxic T cell
55
Antibody
A specialized protein produced by the immune system that helps destroy disease-causing organisms
56
Refers to any disease that can spread from animals and insects to humans
Zoonotic
57
What feature of bacteria causes gram-positivity?
A thick layer of peptidoglycan in cell walls
58
A disease of the intestines caused by an infection that is characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal discomfort that may result in significant loss of fluids and electrolytes
Enteric infection
59
True or false: Norovirus is contagious in humans
True - norovirus can be spread from human to human through direct contact
60
What is the main functional unit of humoral immunity?
The antibody
61
Means caused by or resulting from an infection with one or more pathogenic agents
Infectious
62
Is Malaria a zoonotic disease?
Yes - diseases spread from insects to humans count as zoonoses
63
What does the humoral immune system do?
Defends against pathogenic agents in body fluids
64
Which part of the immune system is the antibody most associated with?
Humoral immune system
65
Which part of the immune system are T lymphocytes most associated with?
Cell-mediated immune system
66
What is the function of the cell-mediated immune system?
Defends against pathogenic agents in host organism cells
67
What affects behaviour of other cells by signalling?
Cytokines
68
What is the relevance of the amount of peptidoglycan in cell walls?
Determines whether a bacterium is gram-positive or gram-negative
69
Which kind of cell helps other immune system cells to produce antibodies?
CD4+ T cell
70
What does attenuate mean?
To reduce the virulence of a microbe
71
The infectious agent which causes TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Infectious diseases definitions (3 decks)

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