Definitions

Question 1

clinical psychology

Answer 1

branch of psychology that focuses on developing assessment strategies and intervention to deal with painful experiences

Question 2

diagnostic reliability

Answer 2

extent to which professionals agree on the presence and nature of a diagnosable condition

Question 3

eminence-based practice

Answer 3

basing clinical services on tradition and authority, in which recommendations are accepted because the person delivering them is seen as an expert
(antithesis to EBP)

Question 4

internal validity

Answer 4

the extent to which the interpretations drawn from the results of a study can be justified and alternative interpretations can be reasonably ruled out

Question 5

external validity

Answer 5

the extent to which the interpretations drawn from the results of a study can be generalized to real-world settings

Question 6

attrition

Answer 6

loss of participants in a study over time

Question 7

clinical significance

Answer 7

the intervention has made a meaningful impact on treated participants

Question 8

effect size

Answer 8

the difference between means of the experimental group and the control group, divided by the SD of either the control group or the pooled sample of both groups

Question 9

case studies

Answer 9

detailed presentation of an individual, couple, or family illustrating unusual problems or novel treatments

Question 10

single case design

Answer 10

AB design; focus on individual (or couple or family)

Question 11

correlational design

Answer 11

only an association of variables; no manipulation; no random assignments to conditions

Question 12

quasi-experimental design

Answer 12

a comparison of 2 previously established groups

Question 13

experimental design or randomized controlled trial (RCT)

Answer 13

all participants assessed prior to intervention > random assignment to control/treatment conditions > all participants assessed after intervention period

Question 14

systematic review

Answer 14

use of systematic + explicit methods to identify, select, and critically appraise research studies

Question 15

meta analyses

Answer 15

set of statistical analyses for quantitatively summarizing research

Question 16

screening procedure

Answer 16

a procedure to identify individuals who may have clinically significant problems or who may be at risk for developing such problems

Question 17

standardization

Answer 17

consistency across clinicians and testing occasions in the procedure used to administer and score a test

Question 18

crystallized intelligence

Answer 18

intelligence referred to what we have learned in life, both from formal education and general life experiences

Question 19

fluid intelligence

Answer 19

intelligence referred to the ability to solve novel problems without drawing on previous experiences or formal learning

Question 20

transference

Answer 20

client’s core interpersonal conflicts are repeated in the relationship with the therapist; psychodynamic

Question 21

counter-transference

Answer 21

therapist’s emotional reaction to the client; psychodynamic

Question 22

catharsis

Answer 22

evoking emotion to facilitate change; psychodynamic

Question 23

benchmarking

Answer 23

the use of data from empirical studies to provide a comparison against which the effectiveness of clinical services can be gauged

Question 24

coercive exchanges

Answer 24

parent rewards child’s aversive behaviour; child rewards parent by ceasing behaviour

Question 25

time out

Answer 25

child does not have access to reinforcers following misbehaviour

Question 26

social reinforcers

Answer 26

smiles, touch, verbal encouragement, attention

Question 27

positive reinforcement

Answer 27

any consequence that increases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated

Question 28

health promotion

Answer 28

programs designed to increase activities that are beneficial to many aspects of physical health

Question 29

scientist-practitioner model (boulder)

Answer 29

students must develop and demonstrate competencies in research and psychological service provision

Question 30

clinical scientist model

Answer 30

strongly promote the development of research skills; basic + applied research

Question 31

practitioner-scholar model (vail)

Answer 31

emphasizes training in clinical settings that will be needed in a service setting; generally award PsyD

Question 32

clinical health psychology

Answer 32

apply psychological research and principles to promote and maintain health, prevent and treat illness, help adjust to health problems, improve the healthcare system

Question 33

clinical neuropsychology

Answer 33

apply knowledge of brain-behaviour relationships in the assessment + remediation of neurological injury/illness

Question 34

forensic psychology

Answer 34

application of psychology in the legal and criminal justice system