Definitions

Question 1

General purpose machine; programmable; can be given instructions that will be stored and used at a different time; able to process/change the info

Answer 1

Computer

Question 2

A sequence of instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task/series of tasks

Answer 2

Program

Question 3

Composed of hardware and software

Answer 3

Computer System

Question 4

The actual physical parts of a computer

Answer 4

Hardware

Question 5

Program; enables the computer to perform tasks

Answer 5

Software

Question 6

User is able to give the computer info; keyboards, microphone, mouse, webcam, USB, DVD, modem, touchscreen

Answer 6

Input devices

Question 7

Info can be given to the user from the computer; display, speaker, printer, USB, DVD, modem

Answer 7

Output Devices

Question 8

Modulates and demodulates; a device that turns digital data into modulated electrical signals and after transmission the signals are demodulates and received

Answer 8

Modem

Question 9

Any devices that are attached to the box of the computer (input devices included)

Answer 9

Peripheral Devices

Question 10

Classifying Computers by Function

Information Appliances
Embedded
Servers
Workstation

Answer 10

Information Appliances - Designed to perform a specific task

Embedded - Computer that is part of another machine
or device

Servers - Computer designed to provide a service

Workstation - Computers intended

Question 11

Classifying Computers by Size

Answer 11

Supercomputer, mainframe, minicomputer, microcomputer, mobile computer

Question 12

Simple Model of a Computer

Answer 12

Input, cpu, output, memory

Question 13

Subsystem that transports data between components of the computer

Answer 13

Bus

Question 14

CPU in an Extended Computer

Answer 14

Control unit (cu) - follows the instructions

Arithmetic logic unit (alu) - does mathematic calculations

Accumulator - has small amount of storage; used by alu, works under cu, advantage b/c of speed

Question 15

Physical devices used to store programs; can be temporarily or permanently

Answer 15

Memory

Question 16

Physical devices used to store programs

Answer 16

Primary Memory

Question 17

Auxiliary storage, uses input output channels to and transfers data to and from primary memory

Answer 17

Secondary Memory

Question 18

RAM; cleared at startup

Answer 18

Volatile

Question 19

ROM; contains basic start up info; allows the computer to start

Answer 19

Non-Volatile

Question 20

Basic Input/Output System; generates initial screen display, starts running the operation system

Answer 20

BIOS

Question 21

Programs that instruct the computer on how to perform basic tasks

• Controls input of data
• Manages storage space by keeping track of info

Answer 21

System Software

Question 22

System Software Functions

Answer 22

Controls input of data, manages storage space by keeping track of info, maintains security, detects equipment failure

Question 23

Types of System Software

Answer 23

Operating systems and utility software

Question 24

Operating System Examples

Answer 24

Windows, Mac, Linux, IOS

Question 25

Analyzes, configures and maintains computer; anti virus, backup software

Answer 25

Utility Software

Question 26

Helps user accomplish specific tasks | -Producing documents, managing finances; Adobe photoshop, media player, Autocad, Instagram

Answer 26

Application Software

Question 27

Communicates instructions to a computer; low (machine language) and high level language

Answer 27

Programming Language

Question 28

Directly executed by the cpu; sequence of 1s and 0s; only language the computer understand

Answer 28

Low Level or Machine Language

Question 29

Disadvantages of Machine Language

Answer 29

Tricky to write, follow and debug, easy to make mistakes, different CPUs use different languages

Question 30

Advantage of High Level Language

Answer 30

Closer to human language, portable, can run on multiple computers with no modification; C#, Java, Basic

Question 31

Original program in the high level language

Answer 31

Source Program

Question 32

Corresponding machine code to a specific source program

Answer 32

Object Program

Question 33

Compiler reads the source program and translates it into the corresponding object program

Answer 33

Compilation

Question 34

Resulting machine code (compiled file); instructions will be carried out by the CPU

Answer 34

Execution

Question 35

Random access memory, a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly

Answer 35

RAM

Question 36

Where is "RAM" found

Answer 36

Servers, PCs, tablets, smartphones and other devices, such as printers

Question 37

Read-only memory, the permanent part of a computer's memory. Information stored there can be read but not changed.

Answer 37

ROM

Question 38

Where is "ROM" found

Answer 38

Used for firmware updates. (Cartridge used with video game consoles, which allows one system to run multiple games)

Question 39

What does && mean?

Answer 39

And

Question 40

What does | | mean?

Answer 40

Or

Question 41

What does ! mean?

Answer 41

Not equal to