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Organic Chemistry > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Resonance

A

delocalization of pi electron density

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2
Q

Nucleophile

A

electron pair acceptor or Lewis Acid

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3
Q

Electrophile

A

electron pair donor or Lewis Base

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4
Q

Electronegativity

A

ability of an atom to accept or attract electron density

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5
Q

Octet Rule

A

bonding to achieve noble gas electron configuration

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6
Q

Mechanism

A

step-by-step sequence in which a chemical transformation occurs. Shown with curved arrows and detailed reaction intermediates

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7
Q

Functional group

A

characteristic group of atoms/bonds that show a predictable chemical behavior

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8
Q

Curved arrow

A

represents electron flow

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9
Q

BronstedAcid:

A

proton donor

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10
Q

BronstedBase

A

proton acceptor

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11
Q

Nomenclature

A

system of rules for naming compounds

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12
Q

Constitutionalisomer

A

same molecular formula with different atomic connectivity and physical properties

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13
Q

Stereoisomer

A

same atomic connectivity but different spatial orientation

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14
Q

Induction

A

creation of partial charges in bonds due to electron rich or electron poor atoms and/or stabilization of partial charges through sigma bonds and electron density

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15
Q

Steric Hindrance

A

slowing or preventing reactivity due to bulky groups that occupy the same space

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16
Q

Polarizability

A

ability of an atom to distribute its electron density unevenly as a result of external influences

17
Q

Enthalpy

A

heat of reaction or measure of exchange between a chemical system and its surroundings

18
Q

Exothermic reactions

A

transfer of energy from the system to the surroundings

19
Q

Endothermic reactions

A

transfer of energy from the surroundings to the chemical system

20
Q

Transition state

A

peak on an energy coordinate diagram that represents the bonds forming and breaking simultaneously to create the next reaction intermediate

Organic Chemistry (5 decks)

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