Definitions Flashcards
(20 cards)
Resonance
delocalization of pi electron density
Nucleophile
electron pair acceptor or Lewis Acid
Electrophile
electron pair donor or Lewis Base
Electronegativity
ability of an atom to accept or attract electron density
Octet Rule
bonding to achieve noble gas electron configuration
Mechanism
step-by-step sequence in which a chemical transformation occurs. Shown with curved arrows and detailed reaction intermediates
Functional group
characteristic group of atoms/bonds that show a predictable chemical behavior
Curved arrow
represents electron flow
BronstedAcid:
proton donor
BronstedBase
proton acceptor
Nomenclature
system of rules for naming compounds
Constitutionalisomer
same molecular formula with different atomic connectivity and physical properties
Stereoisomer
same atomic connectivity but different spatial orientation
Induction
creation of partial charges in bonds due to electron rich or electron poor atoms and/or stabilization of partial charges through sigma bonds and electron density
Steric Hindrance
slowing or preventing reactivity due to bulky groups that occupy the same space
Polarizability
ability of an atom to distribute its electron density unevenly as a result of external influences
Enthalpy
heat of reaction or measure of exchange between a chemical system and its surroundings
Exothermic reactions
transfer of energy from the system to the surroundings
Endothermic reactions
transfer of energy from the surroundings to the chemical system
Transition state
peak on an energy coordinate diagram that represents the bonds forming and breaking simultaneously to create the next reaction intermediate
