Definitions And Accronyms

Question 1

Acceptable Risk

Answer 1

 A risk level achieved after risk reduction measures have been applied.
 A risk level that is accepted for a given task (hazardous situation) or hazard.
 In this standard, the terms “acceptable risk” and “tolerable risk” are the same.

Question 2

Adjustable guard

Answer 2

Fixed or movable guard which is adjustable as a whole or which incorporates adjustable part(s).

Question 3

Administrative controls

Answer 3

 Methods of controlling worker exposure to hazards by procedures, worker work assignment, training in specific work practices designed to reduce exposure, inspecting, and auditing.
 Generally, rely on operational discipline and worker actions to be effective.
 Examples include Standard Operating procedures (SOPs), Do Not Touch, Line of Fire programs, Job plans (JP), Job Safety Analysis (JSA), or Lockout Tagout procedures and may include a combination of the listed procedures.

Question 4

Control system

Answer 4

 A system which responds to input signals from parts of machine elements, operators, external control equipment, or any combination of these and generates output signals causing the machine to behave in the intended manner.
 The machine control system can use any technology or any combination of different technologies.

Question 5

Emergency stop

Answer 5

A function which is intended to stop upcoming hazards or reduce existing hazards to persons, damage to machinery, or damage to work in progress.
 Can be initiated by a single human action.
 Commonly referred to as an E-Stop.
 Can include pushbuttons easily activated by the palm of the
hand, wire, ropes, bars, handles or (where other solutions are not applicable) foot-pedals without a protective cover

Question 6

Engineering Controls

Answer 6

Guards or devices and associated safety-related parts of the control
system (SRP/CS) used to reduce risk. (Engineering controls rely
primarily on technology and not worker actions to be effective.)

Question 7

Fail Safe Design

Answer 7

A mechanism or circuit capable of returning to a safe state in case
there is a failure or malfunction in the mechanism or circuit.

Question 8

Fail Safe Design

Answer 8

A mechanism or circuit capable of returning to a safe state in case
there is a failure or malfunction in the mechanism or circuit.

Question 9

Functional Safety

Answer 9

The detection of a potentially dangerous condition resulting in the
activation of a protective or corrective device or mechanism to
prevent hazardous events arising or providing mitigation to reduce
the consequence of the hazardous event.

Question 10

Hazard

Answer 10

Potential source of harm that can be qualified by its origin:
mechanical, electrical, thermal, noise, vibration, radiation,
ergonomic, environmental, or material/substance.

Question 11

Hazard Zone

Answer 11

Any space within or around a machine(s) in which an individual can
be exposed to a hazard.

Question 12

High Exposure

Answer 12

 Typically, more than once per day or shift.
 Frequent or multiple short duration.
 Situations which could lead to increases in the duration of a
task, not to include teaching tasks.

Question 13

Inherently Safe Design

Answer 13

The protective measure which either eliminates hazards or reduces
the risks associated with hazards by changing the design or
operating characteristics of the machine without the use of guards
or protective devices.

Question 14

Interlocking Guard

Answer 14

A guard associated with an interlocking device so that, together with
the control system of the machine, the following functions are
performed:
 The hazardous machine functions “covered” by the guard
cannot operate until the guard is closed.
 If the guard is opened while hazardous machine functions are
operating, a stop command is given.
 When the guard is closed, the hazardous machine functions
“covered” by the guard can operate (the closure of the guard

Question 15

Likely Avoidance

Answer 15

 Sufficient clearance to move out of the way.
 Hazard is incapable of moving greater than reduced speed (250
mm/sec).
 Adequate warning/reaction time.
 Positioned in a safe location away from the hazard.

Question 16

Low Exposure

Answer 16

 Typically, less than or once per day or shift.

 Occasional, short durations.

Question 17

Minimum Safe Distance

Answer 17

The distance a guard or safeguarding device is located from its
associated hazard such that individuals cannot reach the hazard
before cessation of hazardous motion.

Question 18

Minor Injury

Answer 18

First aid; no recovery required before returning to job:
 Bruising
 Small cuts
 No loss of time (multi-day)
 Does not require attention by a medical doctor
 If any of the above are applicable, the rating is minor

Question 19

Moderate Injury

Answer 19

Normally reversible; likely will return to the same job after recovery
from incident:
 Broken bones
 Severe laceration
 Short hospitalization
 Short term disability
 Lost time (multi-day)
 Fingertip amputation (not thumb)

Question 20

Nip Point

Answer 20

Any location between a rotating machine member and another
rotating or fixed member, or the material where a part of the body
could be drawn in and injured. Also referred to as: in running or ingoing
nip point.

Question 21

Not Likely Avoidance

Answer 21

 Insufficient clearance to move out of the way and safety-rated
reduced speed control is not used.
 Obstructed path to move to safe area.
 Hazard is moving faster than reduced speed (250 mm/sec).
 Inadequate warning/reaction time.
 The hazard is imperceptible.

Question 22

Not Possible Avoidance

Answer 22

 Insufficient clearance to move out of the way and safety-rated
reduced speed control is not used.
 The robot system or cell layout causes the operator to be
trapped, with the escape route toward the hazard.
 Safeguarding is not expected to offer protection from the
process hazard (e.g., explosion or eruption hazard).

Question 23

Performance Level (PL)

Answer 23

The discrete level used to specify the ability of safety-related parts
of control systems to perform a safety function under foreseeable
conditions.

Question 24

Performance Level

Required (PLr)

Answer 24

The determination of the required performance level is the result of
the risk assessment and refers to the amount of the risk reduction
to be carried out by the safety-related parts of the control system.

Question 25

Pinch Point

Answer 25

Zone or area in which the human body or parts of the human body are exposed to a crushing hazard.

Question 26

Point of Operation

Answer 26

The location in the machine where the material or workpiece is positioned, and work is performed on the material or workpiece.

Question 27

Prevented Exposure

Answer 27

 Exposure to hazard(s) is eliminated, controlled, or limited by inherently safe design measures.  Use of guards prevents exposure or access to the hazard(s) If an interlocked guard is selected, the following bullet must also be met.  If functional safety is used as a risk reduction measure, the implemented functional safety performance level (PL) meets or exceeds the required functional safety performance level required (PL r ).

Question 28

Safe Distance

Answer 28

The distance a safeguard is installed from a hazard such that individuals are not exposed to the hazard.

Question 29

Safeguard

Answer 29

Guard or protective device that protects workers from hazards generated by moving parts. Examples include:  Fixed Guards  Interlocking guards  Self-closing guards  Adjustable  Two-hand control

Question 30

Safety Function

Answer 30

The function of the machine whose failure can result in an | immediate increase of the risk(s).

Question 31

Safety Related Parts of a Control System (SRP/CS)

Answer 31

Parts of machinery control systems that are assigned to provide safety functions are called safety related parts of control systems (SRP/CS). These can consist of hardware and software and can either be separate from the machine control system or an integral part of it. In addition to providing safety functions, SRP/CS can also provide operational functions (e.g., two-handed controls as a means of process initiation).

Question 32

Serious Injury

Answer 32

``` Normally non-reversible; likely will not return to the same job after recovery from incident:  Fatality  Limb amputation  Long term disability  Chronic illness ```

Question 33

Task-Based Risk | Assessment (TBRA)

Answer 33

Any one of a group of methods to systematically review specific work activities by identifying hazards and assessing and reducing risk to acceptable levels through the use of defined design engineering, warning, and administrative safeguards.

Question 34

Troubleshooting

Answer 34

Diagnostic activities that are conducted on machines, equipment, or processes that can be energized or unguarded. This is a nonroutine task that was not previously evaluated during the taskbased risk assessment.