Definitions for basic concepts Flashcards
(23 cards)
hydrocarbon
compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms
saturated hydrocarbon
contain only single carbon to carbon bonds
alkanes
general formula is CnH2n+2
unsaturated hydrocarbon
contain at least one multiple bond betweencarbon atoms
C to C double bond known as alkenes
general formula is CnH2n
if bond is a C to C triple bond compounds called alkynes
compounds containing a benzene ring are unsaturated
homologous series
a family of compounds containing the same functional group but with each successive member of the series differing by a -CH2 group
functional group
an atop/group responsible for the characteristic reactions of the compound
aromatic compound
compounds containing a benzene ring (C6H6)
aliphatic compounds
compouns of carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non aromatic rings
alicyclic compounds
aliphatic compounds arranged in aromatic rings with or without side chains
IUPAC nomenclature of orgainc chemistry
systematic method of naming orgainc chemical compounds as reccomended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
empirical formula
shows simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in the compound
molecular formula
shows actual number of atoms of each element present in one molecule
general formula
simplest algerbraic formula for any member of a homologous series
displayed formula
relative positioning of the atoms and the bonds between them and shows all the bonds and how all the atoms are joined together
structural formula
ambiguous and shows minimum detail required for arrangement of atoms in molecule
skeletal formula
ambiguous and hides every C atom and any H atoms which is directly attached to a C atom leaving just carbon skeleton and any functional groups
structural isomerism
molecules with the smae molecular formual but different structural formulae
homolytic fission
breaking of a covalent bond where one elctron from the bondng pair goes to each atom to form 2 radicals
heterolytic fission
breaking of a covalent bond where one bonding atom recieves both electrons from the bonding pair to form 2 ions with opposite charges
addition reaction
two molecules react to make one product
onemolecule adds across the double bond of anunsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule
substitution reaction
an atom/group is replaced by another atom/group
elimination reaction
an atom/group is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule
redox reaction
oxidation - oxygen is added and or hydrogen is removed from a molecule
reduction - oxygen is removed or hydrogen is added
condensation reaction
H2O molecule is lost when two molecules join together