Definitions For Homeostasis

Question 1

Abstinence

Answer 1

Deliberately refraining from having sexual intercourse

Question 2

Accommodation

Answer 2

The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects

Question 3

Adrenaline

Answer 3

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to fear/stress.
It increases heart rate and increases the blood flow to brain and muscles as part of the flight or fight response

Question 4

ADH - antidiuretic hormone

Answer 4

Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water in kidney tubules

Question 5

Contraception

Answer 5

Methods used to prevent pregnancy

Question 6

Coordination centres

Answer 6

Areas of the body ( brain,spinal cord,pancreas) that receive and process information from receptors

Question 7

Deamination

Answer 7

A process occurring in the liver that removes the amino group from an amino acid to produce ammonia

Question 8

Dialysis

Answer 8

A method of treating kidney failure/disease where the blood is artificially filtered to remove waste and toxins

Question 9

Effectors

Answer 9

Muscles or glands which bring about responses which restore optimum levels

Question 10

Ethene

Answer 10

A type of plant hormone which controls cell division and the ripening of fruits

Question 11

FSH -follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 11

Female reproductive hormone that causes the maturation of an egg in the ovary

Question 12

Geotropism/gravitropism

Answer 12

A plant’s directional growth response to gravity

Question 13

Gibberellins

Answer 13

Type of plant hormone which initiates seed germination

Question 14

Gland

Answer 14

Group of cells that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 15

Glucagon

Answer 15

Hormone produced by the pancreas that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into blood

Question 16

Homeostasis

Answer 16

Regulation of the internal environment of an organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal/external changes

Question 17

Hyperopia (long sightedness)

Answer 17

A defect of the eye where nearby objects appear out of focus

Question 18

IVF -in vitro fertilisation

Answer 18

Fertilising a woman’s egg using sperm outside of the body

Question 19

LH -luteinising hormone

Answer 19

Female reproductive hormone that stimulates the release of an egg

Question 20

Myopia ( short sightedness)

Answer 20

A defect of the eye where distant objects appear out of focus

Question 21

Negative feedback cycle

Answer 21

A regulatory mechanism that reverses a change

Question 22

Oestrogen

Answer 22

The main female reproductive hormone which causes the uterus lining to thicken and repair

Question 23

Phototropism

Answer 23

A plants directional growth response to light

Question 24

Receptors

Answer 24

Organs or cells that detect stimuli

Question 25

Reflex action

Answer 25

A rapid and automatic response to a stimulus

Question 26

Selective reabsorption

Answer 26

Reabsorbing certain useful molecules (all glucose,some water,some ions) back into the blood after they have been filtered out

Question 27

Stimuli

Answer 27

Changes in the environment

Question 28

Target organ

Answer 28

The organ which a hormone acts on to produce an effect

Question 29

Testosterone

Answer 29

Male reproductive hormone produced by the testes and it stimulates the production of sperm

Question 30

The brain

Answer 30

Organ made of billions of interconnected neurones which controls complex behaviour and has different regions that carry out different functions

Question 31

CNS - central nervous system

Answer 31

The brain and spinal cord which coordinate the response of the effectors

Question 32

The eye

Answer 32

A sense organ containing receptors sensitive to light intensity and colour

Question 33

Thermoregulatory centre

Answer 33

An area of the hypothalamus in the brain which contains blood temperature receptors and regulates body temperature

Question 34

Thyroxine

Answer 34

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases the metabolic rate in the body

Question 35

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 35

A disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin which is characterised by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels

Question 36

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 36

A disorder where the body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas

Question 37

Vasoconstriction

Answer 37

The constriction of blood vessels

Question 38

Vasodilation

Answer 38

The dilation of blood vessels

Question 39

Synapse

Answer 39

Gap between two neurones