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A2 Physics > Definitions G484 > Flashcards

Definitions G484 Flashcards

1
Q

Resonance

A

The build up of a large amplitude oscillation when the frequencies of vibrating objects match

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2
Q

Phase

A

Whether a substance is a solid, liquid or gas

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3
Q

Ideal gas

A

A gas that has internal energy only in the form of kinetic energy

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4
Q

Specific latent heat of fusion

A

The quantity of energy required per unit mass to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at a constant temperature

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5
Q

Displacement

A

The distance of the body from an equilibrium position

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6
Q

Amplitude

A

The maximum displacement

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7
Q

Frequency

A

The number of oscillations per unit time

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8
Q

Angular frequency

A

The product of 2pif or 2pi/period

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9
Q

Specific latent heat of vapOrisation

A

The quantity of energy required per unit mass to change a substance at constant temperature from a liquid into a vapour

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10
Q

Ideal gas temperature

A

For a fixed mass of an ideal gas at constant pressure, it’s volume is proportional to the ideal gas temperature in kelvin.

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11
Q

One mole

A

The Avogadro constant is the number of particles in one mole.

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12
Q

Boltzmann constant

A

1.3807*10^-23JK^-1 the gas constant for a single molecule

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13
Q

Boyle’s law

A

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature

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14
Q

The Newton

A

The force which gives a mass of one kg an acceleration of one ms^-1

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15
Q

Gravitational field strength

A

Force per unit mass at a point in a gravitational field.

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16
Q

Newton’s first law

A

A body will remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity unless acted on by a force

17
Q

Newton’s second law

A

Force is proportional to the rate of change of momentum

18
Q

Newton’s third law

A

When one body exerts a force on another, the other body exerts an equal and opposite force on the first body.

19
Q

Principle of conservation of linear momentum

A

Total momentum is constant for a closed system

20
Q

Inelastic collision

A

Some loss of kinetic energy during the collision. The coefficient of restitution is less than one.

21
Q

The kilowatt-hour

A

The energy used by a 1kW device in 1h

22
Q

Internal energy

A

Sum of randomly distributed kinetic energy and potential energy of molecules

23
Q

Impulse of a force

A

Force x time for which the force acts. (Change in momentum)

24
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

Energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by a unit temperature rise.

25
Q

Equilibrium

A

The resultant force is zero.

26
Q

Simple harmonic motion

A

Acceleration is proportional to displacement and is directed in the opposite direction to the displacement, towards the equilibrium position.

27
Q

Thermal equilibrium

A

No net heat flow between objects

28
Q

Perfectly elastic collision

A

A collision with no loss of kinetic energy. Coefficient of restitution = 1

29
Q

Linear momentum

A

Mass x velocity

30
Q

Kepler’s third law

A

The cube of the planet’s mean radius of its orbit is proportional to the square of the orbital period.

31
Q

Centripetal acceleration

A

For an object travelling in a circle of radius r with constant speed v, a is given by a=v^2/r in a direction towards the centre of the circle.

32
Q

Field

A

The region in which a force operates

33
Q

One radian

A

The angle subtle dead at the centre of a circle by an arc of length equal to the circle’s radius.

34
Q

Period

A

For circular motion, the time taken to complete one revolution. v=Circumference/time

35
Q

Newton’s law of gravitation/ gravitational force

A

Between two bodies, it’s directly proportional to the product of their masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them squared.
F=(-GMm)/r^2

36
Q

Period of a planet

A

The time taken for one complete orbit of the sun

37
Q

Damping

A

Deliberately reducing the amplitude of an oscillation

38
Q

Impulse

A

The expression F/\t. It equals the change in momentum of a body. It is the area beneath a force-time graph

A2 Physics (3 decks)

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