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Leaving Cert Chemistry > Definitions I Need For Now > Flashcards

Definitions I Need For Now Flashcards

1
Q

Acid (according to Arrhenius theory)

A

A substance which dissociate in water to provide H+ions

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2
Q

Acid (according to Bronsted lowry theory)

A

A proton donor

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3
Q

Acid-base indicator

A

(Aka= pH indicators) are substances which change colour with pH

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4
Q

Addition polymer

A

A polymer made by the combining together of small unsaturated molecules of the same compound

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5
Q

Addition reaction

A

A reaction in which the double or triple bond of an unsaturated compound opens up and other atoms add on to the molecule. Addition reactions are characteristics of ALKANES and ALKYNES

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6
Q

Alcohols

A

Any organic compound in which the -OH (hydroxyl group) is bound to a saturated carbon atom

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7
Q

Aldehydes

A

An organic coumpund containing a functional group with the structure -CHO (carbonyl) group

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8
Q

Aliphatic hydrocarbon

A

Compound whose molecules contain only chains of carbon atoms

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9
Q

Alkanes

A

Only single bonds between carbon atoms

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10
Q

Alkenes

A

There’s a double bond between two carbons

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11
Q

Alkynes

A

There’s a triple bond between two carbon atoms

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12
Q

Allotropes

A

Different physical forms of the same element eg diamond charcoal

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13
Q

Auto ignition

A

The explosion of the pertol-air mixture in the engine before the spark is produced

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14
Q

Autocatalysis

A

The catalysis of a reaction by one of the products of the reaction

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15
Q

A substance with dissociates in water to provide H+ ions

A

Acid (Arrhenius theory)

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16
Q

A proton donor

A

Acid (Bronsted-Lowry theory)

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17
Q

(pH indicator) are substances which change colour with pH

A

Acid-base indicator

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18
Q

A polymer made by combining together of small unstaturated molecules of the same compound

A

Addition polymer

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19
Q

A reaction in which the double ot triple bond of an unsaturated compound opens up and other atoms add on to the molecule. ________ _________ are characteristics of ALKANES and ALKYNES

A

Addition reaction

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20
Q

Any organic compound in which the -OH (hydroxyl group) is bound to a saturated carbon atom

A

Alcohols

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21
Q

An organic coumpund containing a functional group with the structure -CHO (carbonyl) group

A

Aldehydes

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22
Q

Compound whose molecules contain only chains of carbon atoms

A

Aliphatic Metals

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23
Q

Only single bonds between carbon atoms

A

Alkanes

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24
Q

There’s a double bond between two carbons

A

Alkenes

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25
There's a triple bond between two carbon atoms
Alkynes
26
Different physical forms of the same element eg diamond charcoal
Allotropes
27
The explosion of the pertol-air mixture in the engine before the spark is produced
Auto ignition
28
The catalysis of a reaction by one of the products of the reaction
Autocatalysis
29
Avocado's law
States that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
30
States that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
Avagrado's law
31
Balmer series
Visible line spectrum of hydrogen
32
Visible line spectrum of hydrogen
Balmer series
33
Base (Arrhenius theory)
A substance which dissociates in water to produce OH- ions
34
A substance which dissociates in water to produce OH- ions
Base (Arrhenius theory)
35
Base (Bronsted-Lowry theory)
A proton acceptor
36
A proton acceptor
Base (Bronsted-Lowry)
37
Saponification
A soap is prepared by the alkaline hydrolysis of an animal fat such as lard and vegetable fats
38
A soap is prepared by the alkaline hydrolysis of an animal fat such as lard and vegetable fats
Saponification
39
Carboxylic acid
An organic compound that contained a carboxyl group (-COOH)
40
An organic compound that contained a carboxyl group (-COOH)
Carboxylic acid
41
Catalyst
A substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction but which is not used up during the reaction and chemically unchanged
42
A substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction but which is not used up during the reaction and chemically unchanged
Catalyst
43
Catalyst poison
A substance which destroys the activity of a catalyst
44
A substance which destroys the activity of a catalyst
Catalyst poison
45
Catalytic converter
Change poisonous molecules like CARBON MONOXIDE and NITROGEN OXIDES in car exhausts into less harmful molecules like CO2 and N
46
Change poisonous molecules like CARBON MONOXIDE and NITROGEN OXIDES in car exhausts into less harmful molecules like CO2 and N
Catalytic converter
47
Catalytic cracking
Is the breaking down of long-chain hydrocarbon molecules into short-chain molecules for while there is a greater demand, using heat and catalysts
48
Is the breaking down of long-chain hydrocarbon molecules into short-chain molecules for while there is a greater demand, using heat and catalysts
Catalytic cracking
49
Chemical equilibrium (dynamic)
A system is said to be in chemical equilibrium when the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction
50
A system is said to be in __________ ____________ when the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction
Chemical equilibrium (dynamic)
51
Chromatography
A separation technique in which a mobile phase carrying a mixture is caused to move in contact with a selectively absorbant stationary phase (and seprates mixture component)
52
A separation technique in which a mobile phase carrying a mixture is caused to move in contact with a selectively absorbant stationary phase (and seprates mixture component)
Chromatography
53
Compound
A substance that is made up of two or more elements combined together chemically
54
A substance that is made up of two or more elements combined together chemically
Compound
55
Conjugated acid
A base which has accepted a proton
56
A base which has donated a proton
Conjugated acid
57
Conjugate base
An acid which has donated a proton
58
An acid which has donated a proton
Conjugate base
59
Conjugate acid-base pair
Two substances that differ from each other by a H+ (a single proton)
60
Two substances that differ from each other by a H+ (a single proton)
Conjugate acid-base pair
61
Covalent bond
Involves the sharing of pairs of electrons to achieve a full outer shell
62
Involves the sharing of pairs of electrons to achieve a full outer shell
Covalent bond
63
Dehydration
An elimination reaction where an alcohol is converted to an ALKENE
64
An elimination reaction where an alcohol is converted to an ALKENE
Dehydration
65
Dehydrocyclisation
Involves the use of catalysts to convert straight-chained ALKANES into cyclic compounds
66
Involves the use of catalysts to convert straight-chained ALKANES into cyclic compounds
Dehydrocyclisation
67
Deionised water
Contains no ions but may contain soluble covalent compounds such as SUCROSE, ETHANOL OXYGEN, BACTERIA
68
Contains no ions but may contain soluble covalent compounds such as SUCROSE, ETHANOL OXYGEN, BACTERIA
Deionised water
69
Diffusion
The spontaneous spreading out of a substance due to the natural movement of its particles
70
The spontaneous spreading out of a substance due to the natural movement of its particles
Diffusion
71
Dipole-dipole force
When a permanently polarised molecule attracts another permanently polarised molecule. The positive end of a polarised molecule attracts the negative end of another polarised molecule.
72
When a permanently polarised molecule attracts another permanently polarised molecule. The positive end of a polarised molecule attracts the negative end of another polarised molecule.
Dipole-dipole force
73
Distilled water
Completely pure as all dissolved and suspended solids have been removed as well as dissolved gases
74
Completely pure as all dissolved and suspended solids have been removed as well as dissolved gases
Distilled water
75
Elimination reaction
Occurs when a small molecule such as H20 or HCl is removed from a molecule resulting in a double bond formation
76
Occurs when a small molecule such as H20 or HCl is removed from a molecule resulting in a double bond formation
Elimination reaction
77
Esterification
A reaction in which an acid and alcohol react together to form an ester and water
78
A reaction in which an acid and alcohol react together to form an ester and water
Esterification
79
Eutrophication
Enrichment of natural waters by nutrients. Rapid growth of algae which when they die and decay comsumes large amounts of O2. Water has no oxygen and aquatic life dies
80
Enrichment of natural waters by nutrients. Rapid growth of algae which when they die and decay comsumes large amounts of O2. Water has no oxygen and aquatic life dies
Eutrophication
81
Exothermic reaction
Heat is released
82
Heat is released
Exothermic reaction
83
Fermentation
The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria,yeasts,or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat
84
The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria,yeasts,or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat
Fermentation

Leaving Cert Chemistry (2 decks)

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