Definitions of Terms Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
this type of franchise includes not only a product, service and trademark, but also the complete method to conduct the business itself, such as the marketing plan and operations manuals
A
business format franchise
2
Q
also known as the UFOC, the disclosure document which provides information about the franchiser and franchise system
A
disclosure statement
3
Q
a license that describes the relationship between the franchiser and franchisee including use of trademarks, fees, support and control
A
franchise
4
Q
the legal, written contract between the franchiser and franchisee which tells each party what each is supposed to do
A
franchise agreement
5
Q
the person or company that gets the right from the franchiser to do business under the franchiser’s trademark and trade name
A
franchisee
6
Q
a method of business expansion characterized by a trademark license, payment fees and significant assistance and/or control
A
franchising
7
Q
the person or company that grants the franchisee the right to do business under their trademark or trade name
A
franchiser
8
Q
a franchise where the franchisee simply sells the franchiser’s products without using the franchiser’s method of conducting business
A
product distribution franchise
9
Q
the regular payment made by the franchisee to the franchiser, usually based on a percentage of the franchisee’s gross sales
A
royalty
10
Q
the franchise is licensed by the parent company to produce and distribute its products, using supplies bought from the franchiser
A
manufacturing franchise
11
Q
one format for disclosure document which provides information about he franchiser and franchise system to the perspective franchisee
A
UFOC (the Uniform Franchise Offering Circular)
12
Q
this relationship allows the franchisee to open multiple locations, usually in a different territory within a pre-agreed upon timeline
A
area franchise
13
Q
any franchisee or the franchiser attempting to sell products or services within an area of territory that has been assigned to another owner
A
encroachment
14
Q
a franchisee who has unilaterally terminated their franchise agreement
A
breakaway franchisee
15
Q
the process by which existing independent businesses or dealers within an industry becomes franchisees when they assume the trade name and trade dress of the franchiser
A
conversion franchising
16
Q
the total profit that you get as a result of putting money into a bank, company, etc.
A
return
17
Q
the amount of money that remains after a company has paid all its costs, wages, etc.
A
surplus
18
Q
a profit as shown in a company’s accounts
A
book profit
19
Q
an increase in the value of an investment, which is not an actual amount of money unless the investment is sold
A
paper profit
20
Q
the financial profit that a person or company makes
A
gain
21
Q
a profit gained from an unusual or unexpected event
A
windfall
22
Q
all the money that you get from selling something
A
proceeds
23
Q
in a group of companies, the total profit from all the companies in the group for a particular period of time
A
consolidated profit
24
Q
profit relating to a company’s normal activities of providing goods and services
A
operating profit
25
the exact amount of profit that you get as a result of lending money to a company, government, etc.
yield
26
a company's profit for a particular period that is owned to shareholders and is either paid as dividends or kept as reserves
attributable profit
27
the amount of company's profit that is available to pay dividends to shareholders in a particular period
distributable profit
28
two companies selling different but related products in the same market
product-extension merger
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two companies that have no common business areas
conglomeration
30
an additional amount of money, above a standard amount or rate
premium
31
two companies that sell the same products in different markets
market-extension merger
32
buying another company's shares on the stock exchange, hoping to persuade enough other shareholders to sell to take control of the company
a raid
33
reduction in companies in a sector through merger
consolidation
34
a public offer to a company's shareholders to buy their shares, at a particular price during a particular period, so as to acquire a company
a takeover bid
35
increase in efficiency often resulting in cost savings
streamlining
36
the total value of all shares on a stock market at a particular time
market capitalization
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two companies that are in direct competition and share the same product lines and markets
horizontal merger
38
joining a customer and company or a supplier and company
vertical merger
39
a merger with or the acquisition of one's supplier
backward integration
40
a merger with or acquisition of one's marketing outlets
forward integration
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combined production that is greater than the sum of the separate parts
stock swap
42
merger involving only the exchange of company shares
synergy
43
a bond with a high rate of interest, but with a high risk of not being repaid
junk bond
44
all of a company's shares that currently exist and are held by shareholders
outstanding shares
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when a company thinks of buying another it looks carefully at its accounts, as it must do by law before the deal can be agreed upon
due diligence
46
a bond that has the name of the holder officially recorded by the company that has issued it
registered bond
47
a bond issued by a non-European entity in the European market in euro-dollar denominations
eurodollar bond/ euro bond
48
a bond that can be repaid by a company in the form of shares in the company
convertible bond
49
a bond issued in pounds on the British markets by a non-British borrower
bulldog bond
50
a bond with a high rate of interest, but with a high risk of not being repaid
high yield/ 'junk' bond
51
a bond issued in yen on the Japanese markets by a non-Japanese borrower
Samurai bond
52
a bond issued by a state or local government authority, usually in the US
municipal bond/ muni
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a bond bought at well below its actual value; it does not pay interest during its life, but the gain is made when it is resold
zero-coupon/ 'strip' bond
54
a bond issued by a non-US entity in the US market in US dollar denominations
Yankee bond
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a bond issued by the company
corporate bond
56
the amount of capital making up a loan
principal
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a short-term financial instrument issued by the US Treasury with a maturity of less than one year
Treasury bill
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bounds issued by the British government
gilt-edged stock/ gilts
59
non-payment of interest or a loan at the scheduled time
default
60
the day when a bond has to be repaid
maturity date
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bonds of companies that were previously in a good financial situations
fallen angels
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long-term bonds issued by the US government
Treasury bonds
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the amount of interest that a bond pays
coupon
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medium-term (2-10 year) bonds issued by the US government
Treasury notes
65
the rate of income an investor receives from a security
yield
66
a tariff that varies, depending on the value of the goods
ad valorem tariff
67
an extra tariff charged on goods going into or out of a country introduced because a country has done business in an illegal/unfair way
punitive/ retaliatory tariff
68
tariff on goods coming into a country from abroad, often used as a way of reducing imports and protecting local industries
import tariff/ import duty/ import levy/ import surcharge
69
a tariff with different rates that depend on the country the goods are coming from
discriminating/ multiple tariff
70
a tariff with two parts, one that depends on the value of the goods and one that is a fixed amount
compound tariff
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a tariff aimed at controlling the amount of foreign goods coming into a country, protecting home producers from foreign competition
protective tariff
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an exchange rate that is not allowed to change in relation to others, eg. under the Bretton Woods agreement
fixed exchange rate
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an exchange rate when the value of a currency is allowed to change in relation to others
floating exchange rate
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currencies are pegged to same bond or value, either fixed or periodically adjusted; a hybrid of fixed and floating exchange rate regimes
pegged float
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a currency that floats in value in terms of other currencies but is not free of government intervention; also called managed float
dirty float
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a way of controlling the exchange rate by fixing the value of currencies in relation to another currency, such as the dollar, by changing it from time to time if necessary
adjustable peg
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a way of controlling the exchange rate by changing it by small amounts at regular intervals; also called sliding peg
crawling peg
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the tax people pay on their wages and salaries
income tax
79
a tax on wages and salaries or on company profits
direct tax
80
a tax levied at a higher rate on higher incomes
progressive tax
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a tax paid on property, sales transactions, imports, and so on
indirect tax
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a tax collected at each stage of production, excluding the already-taxed costs from previous stages
value-added tax
83
profits made by selling assets
capital gains tax
84
gifts and inheritances over a certain value
capital transfer tax
85
a tax on certain goods produces and sold in a country, eg. cigarettes and alcohol drinks
excise tax/ duty
86
making false declarations to the tax authorities
tax evasion
87
a tax on goods brought into a country
customs duty/ tariff
88
a tax where people with low incomes pay a larger percentage of what they earn than those with high incomes
regressive tax
89
reducing the amount of tax you pay to a legal minimum
tax avoidance
90
a country offering very low tax rates to foreign businesses
tax heaven
91
a way to delay the payment of tax to a later time
tax shelter
92
the amount of tax you have to pay
tax liability
93
a list of deductions from taxable income
itemized deduction
94
money that you make from stocks, bonds, real estate, etc.
capital gain
95
in tax terms, the cost of maintaining the property or generating income
expenses
96
money that government gives back to you when you pay too much in taxes, or have withheld too much from your salery
refund
97
when someone withholds your wages to pay off your debt to a third party
garnishment
98
an expense that you can substract from your gross income
deduction
99
a tax that has to be paid by owners of the house, etc.
property tax
100
a financial arrangement which can reduce your tax liability
tax shelter
101
a category of taxpayers, defined by how much money they make
tax bracket
102
releasing your tax information to a third party
disclosure
103
not having to pay taxes
exempt
104
illegal, not allowed
unauthorized
105
a disagreement about how much tax you have to pay
tax dispute
106
someone whose entrepreneurial efforts have resulted in them having a passive income that requires little to no effort (eg. in rental property market)
passivepreneur
107
someone -usually a woman- who runs a business and is also a full time mother
mompreneur
108
someone who starts a business while they are still in education - either full or part time
studentpreneur
109
someone who only uses free or very low cost methods of setting up and running a business
freepreneur
110
the owner of a social enterprise, a for-profit company that focuses on human well-being more than it does on making money
socialpreneur
111
someone who provides something essential to start up business - be it funding, support, knowledge, skills, etc. - but who takes a backseat in the overall running of a business
wingpreneur
112
a business person who operates entirely on their own, and without support from others
solopreneur
113
someone who uses information, as opposed to goods or services, to earn their main source of income
infopreneur
114
using and knowing a lot about modern, digital technology
digital savvy
115
an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies (ICT)
digital divide/ digital split
116
someone who has grown up using technology such as the Internet and mobile phones
digital native
117
businesses that have failed to embrace digital or even consider it
digital dinosaurs
118
individuals who leverage wireless digital technologies to perform their work duties, and more generally conduct their lifestyle in a nomadic manner
digital nomads
119
transformation that is caused by emerging digital technologies and business models
digital disruption
120
the degree to which people know a brand
brand awareness/ recognition/ familiarity
121
the value of a brand to its owners, as sometime shown on a firm's balance sheet
brand equity
122
group of brands under the same umbrella of development
brand family
123
emphasizing characteristics and benefits of a brand in relation to other brands
brand positioning
124
the deliberate decision to choose one brand over another
brand preference
125
a specific characteristic or message of a brand that causes change
brand trigger
126
the brand-product that is launched along side of a brand's bestseller that competes in the marketplace for customers based on price
fighter brand
127
the brand-product that carries the brand's additional offering(s)
flanker brand
128
the original or most widely recognized brand in a family of brands
parent brand
129
the most important brand owned by an organization
flagship brand
130
the brand sold under its own name, rather than under the name of a particuara manufacturer
generic brand
131
when a company uses an existing brand name for new types of product
brand stretching/ extension
132
when consumers lose the original grasp of brand perception and no longer associate the brand with a specific product
brand dilution
133
a set of human characteristics that are attributed to a brand name
brand personality
134
is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support system
sustainable tourism
135
is responsible travel to fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas that strive to be low impact and (often) small scale; it helps educate the traveler; provides funds for conversation; directly benefits the economic development of local communities; and fosters respect for different cultures and for human rights
ecotourism
136
has to help the very poorest in developing countries has been receiving increasing attention by those involved in development and the issue has been addressed either through small scale projects in local communities and by Ministries of Tourism attempting to attract huge numbers of tourists
poverty tourism
137
a travel trend, which evolved by way of the world economic crisis; it is defined by low-cost, high-value experiences taking place once-popular generic retreats
recession tourism
138
refers to people travelling to a country other than their own to receive medical, dental and surgical care (some of these procedures are popularly called a 'surgery safari')
medical tourism
139
is related to active participation of travelers in the culture of the host community, through interactive workshops and informal learning experiences; it promotes an active understanding of the specific cultural features of a place
creative tourism
140
involves visits to "..." sites, such as battlegrounds, castles, scenes of horrific crimes; it remains a small niche market
dark tourism
141
is the pursuit of unique and memorable eating and drinking experiences; it refers to trips in which local cuisine plays an important role
culinary tourism
142
implies unforgettable and entertaining trips paid by employers, with the main purpose of encouraging employees to reach challenging business goals of the company
incentive travel
143
cultural tourism that deals with places and events from fictional texts as well as the lives of their authors
literary tourism
