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ecology 200 > definitions test 3 > Flashcards

definitions test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

the bodies of the living organisms within a given area

A

standing crop

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2
Q

short for Dissolved Organic Matter

A

DOM

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3
Q

the difference between gross primary productivity and autrotrophic respiration

A

net primary productivity

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4
Q

the consistent atomic ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus of 15:1 found in marine phytoplankton

A

the Redfield ratio

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5
Q

the two major components of dead leaves and wood

A

lignin and cellulose

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6
Q

dead organic matter

A

detritus

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7
Q

the percentage of energy ingested by an animal that is absorbed across the gut wall

A

assimilation efficiency (AE)

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8
Q

bacteria and fungi that feed on dead organic matter

A

decomposers

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9
Q

the total fixation of energy by photosynthesis

A

gross primary productivity

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10
Q

flux of materials dissolved in rain and snow

A

wetfall

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11
Q

the rate at which biomass is produced per unit area or volume through photosynthesis

A

primary productivity

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12
Q

the rate of production of biomass by heterotrophs

A

secondary productivity

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13
Q

the settling of atmospheric particles during periods without rain

A

dryfall

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14
Q

a condition in which a mutualistic relationship with other species is essential for a species to survive

A

obligate mutualism

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15
Q

the system that herbivores and carnivores constitute together

A

live consumer system

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16
Q

the precentage of energy (or organic matter) at one trophic level that is transferred to the next

A

trophic transfer efficiency

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17
Q

short for “Net Ecosystem Productivity”

A

NEP

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18
Q

detritivores that feed on coarse particulate organic matter

A

shredders

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19
Q

detritivores that consume the fine particulate organic matter that otherwise would be carried downstream

A

collector-filterers

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20
Q

animals that consume dead organic matter

A

detritivores

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21
Q

situation where both nitrogen ans phosphorus are limiting for plant production

A

colimitation

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22
Q

the condition in which one or both species in a mutualistic association may survive and maintain populations in the absence of the other partner

A

facultative mutualism

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23
Q

the law that states that the growth of a plant is primarily limited by the one nutrient that is in relatively short supply

A

Liebig’s Law of the minimum

24
Q

this plant nutrient is sometimes limiting in the open oceans

A

iron

25
Q

the percentage of energy that is actually consumed at the trophic level

A

consumption efficiency (CE)

26
Q

the percentage of energy assimilated by an organism that becomes incorporated into new biomass

A

production efficiency (PE)

27
Q

a constantly moving system of deep-ocean circulation driven by temperature and salinity

A

global ocean conveyor belt

28
Q

the Swedish scientist that predicted the critical role of carbon dioxide in human-accelerated global climate change in 1896

A

Arrhenius

29
Q

the German scientist who invented synthetic nitrogen fertilizer through a process that converts molecular N2 to ammonia gas

A

Haber

30
Q

natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations

A

shale gas

31
Q

the threshold that, when exceeded, can lead to large changes in the state of the climate

A

climate tipping point

32
Q

the production of methane by bacteria in the absence of oxygen

A

methanogenesis

33
Q

a measure of the influence a given climatic factor has on the amount of downward-directed radiant energy impinging upon Earth’s surface

A

radiative forcing

34
Q

the set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide; also called the Third Agricultural Revolution

A

the Green Revolution

35
Q

the first scientist to confirm that atmospheric CO2 levels were rising, by measuring the CO2 in the air at Mauna Loa, Hawaii

A

Keeling

36
Q

a process in which the end products of an action cause more of that action to occur in a feedback loop - this amplifies the original action

A

positive feedback loop

37
Q

a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons; melting of this biome may cause huge methane emissions

A

tundra

38
Q

this greenhouse gas, emitted by cows, is responsible for about 30% of the warming caused by carbon dioxide

A

methane

39
Q

a process in which the product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction - this creates stability or homeostasis in the system

A

negative feedback loop

40
Q

caused or influenced by humans

A

anthropogenic

41
Q

the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth’s oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

A

ocean acidification

42
Q

a loss of vigor amongst offspring occurring when closely related individuals mate

A

inbreeding depression

43
Q

the various benefits that humans derive from healthy ecosystems

A

ecosystem services

44
Q

random changes in gene frequency within a population resulting from sampling effects, rather than natural selection

A

genetic drift

45
Q

the minimum population size for a rare species to be able to preserve its numbers and survive

A

minimum viable population size (MVP)

46
Q

an estimate of the size of a population based on the numbers of females and males that successfully breed; generally smaller than the total population

A

effective population

47
Q

when individuals are removed from a population faster than they can be replenished

A

overexploitation

48
Q

a form of maintaining species artificially and off-site, like: captive breeding, gene and seed banks, zoos and aquaria

A

ex situ conservation

49
Q

a switch from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

A

demographic transition

50
Q

infections that circulate naturally in nonhuman vertebrate hosts but can be transmitted from these to humans

A

zoonoses

51
Q

excess input of inorganic nutrients from agricultural runoff and human sewage

A

cultural eutrophication

52
Q

anoxic parts of the ocean floor

A

dead zones

53
Q

any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or lessening the damage of any pest

A

pesticide

54
Q

accumulation and transfer of substances via food webs, resulting in an increase of internal concentration in organisms at succeeding levels in the trophic chain

A

biomagnification

55
Q

the maximum crop or yield that can be removed repeatedly from a population without driving it towards extinction

A

maximum sustainable yield (MSY)

56
Q

the farming of domesticated fish, shellfish, and algae and occurs in both coastal marine ecosystems and freshwaters

A

aquaculture

ecology 200 (3 decks)

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