Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry - Module 2 - Definitions > Definitons > Flashcards

Definitons Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Empirical formula

A

A formula which shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Molecular formula

A

A formula which shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Molar gas volume

A

The volume of one mole of gas under specified conditions of temperature and pressure e.g. 24dm^3 at 20°C and one atmosphere pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Percentage yield

A

Actual yield
———————— x100
Theoretical yield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atom economy

A

Mass of desires product (RFM)
———————————————
Total mass of products (RFM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Homologous series

A

Compounds which have the same general formula, similar chemical properties, show a gradation in physical properties and successive members differ by a CH2 unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Functional group

A

Reactive group within a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Structural isomers

A

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Geometric isomers

A

Molecules with the same structural formula, but different arrangement of atoms due to the presence of one or more C=C bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Saturated hydrocarbon

A

Contains no C=C or C=C bonds

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Contains carbon and hydrogen only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Substitution

A

Replacing one atom or group with a different atom or group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Homolytic fission

A

Bond breaking in which one of the shared electrons goes to each atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Heterolytic fission

A

Bond breaking in which both electrons in the shared pair go to a single atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Radical

A

A particular with an unpaired electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

Contains at least one C=C or C(triple bond)C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sigma bond

A

A covalent bond formed by the linear overlap of atomic orbitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pi bond

A

A covalent bond formed with the sideways overlap of p orbitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bond length

A

The distance between the nuclei of two covalently bonded atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hydrogenation

A

Addition of a hydrogen molecule across a C=C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Electrophile

A

An ion of molecule that attacks regions of high electron density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Primary carbocation

Secondary carbocation

Tertiary carbocation

A

A carbocation which has one carbon atom directly bonded to the positively charged carbon

A carbocation that has 2 carbons directly bonded to the positively charged carbon

A carbocation that has 3 carbons directly bonded to the positively charged carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Polymerisation

Study These Flashcards
A

Joining together of many small molecules (monomers) to form a large molecule

24
Q

Monomers

Study These Flashcards
A

Many small molecules which join together to form a polymer

25
Polymer
A large molecule formed when monomers join together
26
Primary halogenoalkane Secondary halogenoalkane Tertiary halogenoalkane
A halogenoalkane which has one/two/three carbons directly bonded to the carbon atom that is bonded to the halogen
27
Reflux
Repeated boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture
28
Hydrolysis
Breaking up molecules by reaction with water
29
Nucleophile
An ion or molecule, with a lone pair of electrons, that attacks regions of low electron density
30
Elimination
A reaction in which a small molecule is removed from a larger molecule
31
Miscibility
Liquids which mix in all proportions i.e form a single layer
32
Primary alcohol Secondary alcohol Tertiary alcohol
An alcohol which has one / two / three carbons directly bonded to the carbon atom that is bonded to the OH group
33
Ground state
A molecular vibration which is in the lowest possible energy state
34
Wave number
The reciprocal of the wavelength and it is measured in cm^-1 Wave number = 1 ————————— Wavelength(cm^3)
35
Endothermic
A reaction in which the enthalpy of the products is greater than the enthalpy of the reactants
36
Exothermic
A reaction in which the enthalpy of the products is less than the enthalpy of the reactants
37
Standard conditions
298K and 100kPa
38
Standard enthalpy change
Change in heat energy at constant pressure, measured at standard conditions
39
Standard enthalpy of combustion
The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is completely burnt in oxygen under standard conditions
40
Standard enthalpy of formation
The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions
41
Standard enthalpy of neutralisation
The enthalpy change when one mole of water is produced in a neutralisation reaction under standard conditions
42
Conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can change from one form to another
43
Hess’s Law
The enthalpy change for a reactions is independent of the route taken, provided the initial and final conditions are the same
44
Average bond enthalpy
The energy required to break one mole of a given bond averaged over many compounds
45
Reaction rate
The change of the concentration of a reactant or product with respect to time
46
Catalyst
A substance which increases the rate of a chemical reaction but does not get used up
47
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur
48
Reversible
A reaction which goes in both the forward and backwards direction
49
Dynamic equilibrium
Rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backwards reaction
50
Equilibrium
A reversible reaction in which the amount of each reactant / product remains constant
51
Homogenous
A reaction in which all the reactants and products are in the same physical state
52
Heterogenous equalibria
A reaction in which all the reactants and products are not in the same physical state
53
Kc
Look in definitions book
54
Heterogenous catalyst
The catalyst is in a different phase from the reactants
55
S-block elements
An element which has an atoms outer electron in an s - subshell
56
Solubility
The maximum mass of solute that will dissolve 100g of solvent at a stated temperature

Chemistry - Module 2 - Definitions (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions