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Botanical Definitions > Defintions > Flashcards

Defintions Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Native

A

Naturally occurring within a region (e.g. Kangaroo Paw is native to Australia)

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2
Q

Indigenous

A

Very localised in context (Eg Purple Bush Pea is Indigenous to Samford Conservation Park)

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3
Q

Broad Vegetation Group

A

High level of grouping within a vegetation community (eg Dry Eucalypt Woodlands)

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4
Q

Regional Ecosystem Types

A

A geographic area where plants, animals and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape work together to form a bubble of life

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5
Q

Habitat

A

Refers to the natural environment where a species of plant of animal lives and thrives. Can include features such as soil, water, temperature, and other biotic and abiotic factors that provide a suitable home and resources for the species

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6
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of all lifeforms; the plants, animals and micro-organisms, the genes they constitute and the ecosystems they inhabit (National Forest Policy Statement 1992)

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7
Q

Biotic

A

relating to or resulting from living organisms. Refers to the living components of the environment, such as plants, animals, fungi and bacteria which interact with each other and their surroundings

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8
Q

Abiotic

A

physical rather than biological; not derived from living organisms. Refers to the non-living components of the environment such as air, water, temperature, sunlight and soil

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9
Q

Xenobiotic

A

A chemical substance found in an organism which is not ordinarily present or is present at much higher concentrations (Eg Carcinogens from spraying and mercury found in fish). Also known as Bioaccumulation

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10
Q

Biomagnification

A

Increase in the concentration of a substance within the soil (eg – Pesticides, salts from fertilisers, lead)

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11
Q

Bioremediation

A

Where a biological system is used to remove environmental pollutants from the air/ water/ land (eg bacterial fungi used to clean up oil spills)

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12
Q

Saline Flushing

A

Flushing salts out of the soil using large quantities of water (eg ponding or flooding an area)

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13
Q

Nutrient Stripping

A

Removal of nutrients from the land by vegetative means while not fertilising (eg growing a cereal crop on a grass area prior to revegetating.)

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14
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar. (6CO2 + 6H20 (light/ chlorophyll) = C6H12O6 + 6O2

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15
Q

Stomata

A

Tiny pores in the leaves and stems of plants that regulate the exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphere. They are essential for photosynthesis and water conservation.

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16
Q

Transpiration

A

The evaporation of water vapour from the leaves through the stomata

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17
Q

Phloem

A

Living tissue in plants that move nutrients and other compounds throughout the plant.

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18
Q

Translocation

A

Movement of nutrients through the phloem tissue of the plant from the source (roots or leaves) to where it is needed

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19
Q

Trophic level

A

four or five levels of producers, consumers, and decomposers.

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20
Q

Autotrophs

A

An organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple, inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide (eg plants and algae). Producer

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21
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Obtains energy from the consumption of other organisms on the trophic levels (eg Kangaroo, lizards etc). Is a consumer

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22
Q

Apex consumer

A

Top level consumer, predator. Consumer of all others

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23
Q

Decomposer

A

Organisms and animals that break down dead organisms, plant matter and waste material, turning them into nutrients usable by the producers (eg Fungi, worms, slaters)

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24
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of naming and classifying organisms. Rank: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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25
Kingdom Plantae
must be able to photosynthesis, are non mobile, contain vascular tissue and are able to reproduce.
26
Phylums
The phylums in the Kingdom Plantae include Algae, Bryophyta (mosses and horsetails), Pteridophyte (ferns), Gymnosperms (cone bearing), Angiosperms (flowering)
27
Angiosperms
Plants that produce flowers and bear their seeds in fruits. Can be divided into two categories; Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon
28
Monocotyledon
Monocots are grass and grass like flowering plants. They have parallel vein systems which allow the leaf to be divided. The flowers have parts in multiples of three. Fibrous root system.
29
Dicotyledon
Dicots are broad leaf flowering plans. Leaves have veins which extend from a main rib running down the centre (reticulate). Dycots have fibrous roots which extend from a single tap root that runs down the middle of the root system. Flowering parts come in multiples of four or five.
30
Annual
Whole lifecycle takes place in one year or less
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Biennual
Whole lifecycle takes place in two years or less
32
Perennial
A plant that lives for more than two growing seasons (three years or more)
33
Herbaceous
Soft plants which are vascular and have no persistent woody stems above ground
34
Woody
A plant which produces wood as its structural tissue. This gives the plant a hard stem and a tough outer layer of bark
35
Compound leaf
A leaf that is divided into two or more leaflets or blades that are attached to a common axis. The outline of the whole leaf denotes the leaf shape, not the individual leaflets
36
Simple leaf
A leaf blade that is one piece. It may be deeply lobed, divided or dissected (eg grevillea)
37
Bipinnate
Compound leaves with groups of leaflets arranged on either side of the stem, typically in pairs opposite each other (eg jacaranda)
38
Pinnate
Compound leaves with single leaflets either side of the stem
39
Whorled
leaves which grow in a circle around the stem or the stalk. Can be alternating or opposite
40
Alternating
The leaves connect to the stem one at a time, in a staggard pattern
41
Opposite
leaves connect to the stem in groups along the same plane
42
Carpel
The female reproductive organ of a flower, consists of an ovary, stigma and style
43
Stamen
The male reproductive organ of a flower, consists of a slender filament supporting the anther
44
Bisexual
A flower which consists of both male and female reproductive parts
45
Unisexual
Also known as imperfect. A flower which either lacks stamens (carpellate) or lacks carpels (staminate)
46
Fruit
Forms on an Angiosperm after in has been pollinated and fertilized
47
Simple fruits
Develop from a single ovary of several fused ovaries
48
Aggregate Fruits
Develop from multiple ovaries in a single flower (strawberry)
49
Multiple Fruits
Develop from many flowers packed together (pineapple, mulberry, fig)
50
Berry
Fleshy throughout (except the seeds), has two or more seeds and an edible skin (blueberry, banana)
51
Drupe
Fleshy throughout, has a central stone containing the seed and a thin edible skin (cherry, stonefruit)
52
Pome
A type of fruit which has a swollen floral tube; a core of seeds surrounded by flesh (apple, pear)
53
Pepo
A type of fruit with a hard rind, fleshy pulp and flat seeds (melon, pumpkin, zucchini)
54
Hesperidium
A fruit with sectioned pulp inside a tough, leathery rind (citrus)
55
Dry fruits
Where the pericarp (fruit wall) becomes dry and brittle when the fruit is mature (legumes, nuts). Can be divided into two categories; dehiscent and indehiscent
56
Dehiscent Fruits
Fruits that split open and release their seeds at maturity. They open naturally along a line of weakness in the fruit. (beans)
57
Indehiscent Fruits
Fruits which do not open when mature to release the seeds. Opens via mechanical or chemical means, eg smoke, fire, water, decay (eucalypts, banksias, callistemons)
58
Xylem
The vascular tissue in plants which conducts water and dissolved nutrients upwards from the roots and also helps to form the woody element in the stem
59
Mycorrhiza
A fungus which grows in association with the roots of a plant in a symbiotic relationship
60
Cotyledon
An embryonic leaf in seed bearing plants, one or more of which are the fist leaves to appear from a germinating seed
61
Lenticels
raised pores in the stem of a woody plant which allows gas exchange between the atmosphere and the internal tissues
62
Domatia
small cavities or tufts of hair on a plants leaf which provide shelter for arthropods and microorganisms.
63

Botanical Definitions (1 decks)

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