Defintions

Question 1

Gross primary production

Answer 1

The chemical energy store in plant biomass in a given area or volume,

Question 2

Net primary production

Answer 2

A chemical energy store in plant biomass after respirator losses to the environment have been taken into account

Question 3

What is primary or secondary productivity

Answer 3

The rate of primary or secondary production, measured as biomass in given area in a given time

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

Physiological control systems that maintain the internal environment within restricted limits

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

The genetic constitution of an organism

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

The expression of this genetic constitution and its interaction with the environment

Question 7

population

Answer 7

A Group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space at a particular time that can potentially interbreed

Question 8

Community

Answer 8

The non living components of its environment together form an ecosystem

Question 9

Epigenetics

Answer 9

The heritable changes in gene function, without changes to the base sequence of dna

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

A sequence of bases on a DNA molecule that codes for a protein which results in a characteristic

Question 11

Allele

Answer 11

A differnt version of a gene

Question 12

Dominant

Answer 12

An allele whose characteristic appears in the phenotypes even when there is only one copy

Question 13

Recessive

Answer 13

An allele whose characteristic only appears in the phenotype if two copies are present

Question 14

Codominant

Answer 14

Alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype- neither is rescessibe

Question 15

Locus

Answer 15

A fixed position of a gene on a chromosome

Question 16

Homozygote

Answer 16

An organism that carries two copies of the same allele

Question 17

Heterozygote

Answer 17

An organism that carries two differnt alleles

Question 18

Carrier

Answer 18

A person carrying an alleles which is not express in the phenotype but that can be passed on to ofspreing

Question 19

Genetic drift

Answer 19

Random change in allele frequencies in a small populations by chance

Question 20

Founder effect

Answer 20

A type of genetic drift occurring when a new colony is started by a few members of the origional population

Question 21

Bottle neck effect

Answer 21

A sharp reduction in population size due to environmental events leading to reduced genetic diversity

Question 22

Natural selection

Answer 22

A mechanism where individuals with better suited traits have high survival reproductive success

Question 23

Evolution

Answer 23

The gradual change in allele frequencies in a population over generations

Question 24

Antibody

Answer 24

A protein found in the blood that is produced by plasma cells which binds to antigens as a part of the immune response.

Question 25

Antigen

Answer 25

Marker molecules that can be detected by antibodies and trigger an immune response.

Question 26

Monoclonal antibodies

Answer 26

Identical antibodies that have been produced by an immune cell that has even clones from a parent cell

Question 27

Ammonification

Answer 27

The production of ammonia when saprobiontic microorganisms feed on organic nitrogen-containing compounds. Ammonium ions are formed and added to the soil.

Question 28

Chemiosmotic theory

Answer 28

The synthesis of ATP through the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane, catalysed by ATP synthase.

Question 29

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 29

Th formation of glucose form sources, eg. Amino acids and glycerol

Question 30

Glycogenesis

Answer 30

The formulation of glycogen form glucose in the liver

Question 31

Glycogenolysis

Answer 31

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver

Question 32

DNA probe

Answer 32

A short, single-stranded segment of DNA that can be fluorescently or radioactively labelled. DNA probes are used to locate specific alleles of genes.

Question 33

Homeostatis

Answer 33

Maintaining a constant internal environment