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An Sc 260 > Defintions 4,5 > Flashcards

Defintions 4,5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

One sugar molecule

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2
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

two sugar molecules linked together by a or B bond

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3
Q

Oligosaccharide?

A

4-10 sugar molecules linked by a or B bonds

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4
Q

Polysaccharide?

A

> 10 sugar molecules linked by a or B bonds

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5
Q

What is starch?

A

a complex polysaccharide made up of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds

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6
Q

What is amylose

A

long chain of a1,4 linked glucoses found in plants

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7
Q

What is amylopectin

A

Long chain of a1,4 linked glucoses with a1,6 branches found in plants

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8
Q

What is glycogen?

A

long chain of a1,4 linked glucoses with many a1,6 branches found in animals

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9
Q

What is dietary fiber

A

CHO polymer with more than 10 monomeric units not hydrolized by digestive enzymes in small intestine of humans

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10
Q

What is cellulose

A

long chain of B1,4 linked glucose molecules, structural component of plants

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11
Q

What is hemicellulose

A

polymers of a mixture of hexoses and pentoses, linked with B1,4 and B1,3 linkages

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12
Q

What is glycogenesis

A

Formation of glycogen from glucose

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13
Q

What is glycogenolysis

A

Release of glucose from glycogen

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14
Q

What is gluconeogenesis

A

Synthesis of glucose from non-glucose precursors

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15
Q

What is glycolysis

A

Breakdown of glucose for energy

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16
Q

What is a vitamin?

A

organic compound required in minute amounts for essential metabolic reactions in a living organism

17
Q

Bio-molecule

A

occurs naturally in living organisms

18
Q

Catalyst

A

increases rate of chemical reactions without being consumed

19
Q

Substrate

A

Molecules upon which enzymes act; substrates are changed during the reaction

20
Q

Coenzyme

A

relatively small molecule that makes up part of the active site

21
Q

International Unit

A

standard unit of vitamin activity; used to make comparisons among various forms of a vitamin that have different biological potencies

An Sc 260 (5 decks)

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