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150 Words To Know For Global Regents > Defintions > Flashcards

Defintions Flashcards

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1
Q

Absolutism/ Absolute Monarchy

A

A government in which the ruler’s power is unlimited

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2
Q

Arable/ Agrarian/ Agricultural

A

Fertile soil/ agricultural/ farming

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3
Q

Animism/ Shintoism

A

Belief that all things in nature have a spirit/ Shintoism is a form of animism in Japan

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4
Q

Anti- Semitism

A

A term used to describe the discrimination of Jews by other groups of people

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5
Q

Apartheid

A

South Africa’s legal system 1948-1994 completely separating whites and blacks

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6
Q

Appeasement

A

A policy of giving in to an aggressor in hopes of avoiding war

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7
Q

Archeologist vs. Anthropologist

A

Scientist who studies artifacts
Vs.
Scientist who studies ancient cultures

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8
Q

Authoritarian/ Autocratic/ Dictatorship/ Totalitarian

A

Use of absolute power by the government, usually a single leader

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9
Q

Atlantic Slave Trade/ Triangle. Trade/ Middle Passage

A

Europeans traded guns and trinkets to African tribes for slaves who were brought to Americas to work

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10
Q

Aztecs/ Mayas/ Incas

A

Civilizations in Latin America before Columbus arrived; Aztecs conquered by Cortes; Incas conquered by Pizarro

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11
Q

Balance of power/ Congress of Vienna/ Metternich

A

Meeting of European monarchs after defeat of Napoleon led by Metternich; agreed to make sure no one country got more power than others

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12
Q

Berlin Wall vs. Berlin Airlift

A 
Wall = symbol of Cold War; split between democratic west and communist east 
Airlift = Western Allies flew supplies into West Berlin while Stalin blocked access to city
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13
Q

Boxer Rebellion vs. Sepoy Mutiny

A

Both rebellions against Europeans Boxer in China; Sepoy in India

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14
Q

Buddhism

A

Philosophy started by Siddhartha Gautama; believes in Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path

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15
Q

Capital/ Capitalism/ Adam Smith/ Wealth of Nations

A 
Capital = Money 
Capitalism = economic system based on wealth; profit
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16
Q

Cash crop

A

Crop grown for export; examples include tobacco and cotton

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17
Q

Caste system/ limited mobility

A

A class system determined by birth in Hinduism; not able to switch classes unless through reincarnation

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18
Q

Caudillos

A

Latin American dictator

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19
Q

Civil disobedience/ Non- violent resistance

A

Type of rebellion in which people refuse to obey unjust laws

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20
Q

Civilization

A

Advanced form of culture in which people build cities, use writing and other technical skills

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21
Q

Cold War

A

1945- 1991; ideological conflict between communist Soviet Union and democratic USA; “hot spots” included Korea and Vietnam Wars

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22
Q

Collectivization/ collective farm

A

Policy in which small farms are taken by the government and made into large farms owned by government; like Stalin did

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23
Q

Colony/ Colonialism/ imperialism

A

Area in which a foreign nation takes control over another region

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24
Q

Command economy/ Communism

A

System in which the government makes all economic decisions

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25
Commercial Revolution
Growth of trade and business during late Middle Ages in Europe
26
Confucianism
Philosophy in China; main message was a person can achieve peace and harmony by fulfilling his proper role in family and society (5 Relationships)
27
Conquistadors
Spanish conquerors in the Americas
28
Counter- Reformation/ Catholic Reformation
Reform movement in Catholic Church in response to Protestant Reformation- changed some of the corrupt practices of the Catholic Church
29
Crusades
1095-1291 | Holy wars between European Christians and Middle Eastern Muslims for control of Jerusalem and the Holy land
30
Cubans Revolution/ Cuban Missile Crisis/ Bay of Pigs Invasion
1959- Castro makes Cuba communist; USA tries to block nuclear missiles from being placed in Cuba and tried to overthrow Castro
31
Cultural Diffusion
The exchange of different ideas and goods between cultures
32
Cultural diversity
Differences in religion, language, traditions, and culture among members of a population
33
Cultural Revolution
Mao Zedong in China used students call the Ref Guards to get rid of his opponents in the Communist Party
34
Culture
The way of life of a group of people
35
Deforestation vs. Direct Democracy vs. Representative Democracy
Dem= rule by the people | Direct Dem
36
Divine right theory vs. Mandate of Heaven
Idea that rulers get their power from God/ Heaven
37
Boycott/ Sanction
Refusal to trade with someone or nation
38
Encomienda/ Repartimiento
System in which Native Americans had to work for Spanish settlers
39
Enlightened Despot
Absolute ruler who uses his or her power to bring about some change
40
French Revolution
1789- 1799 | French Rebelled against their king and created a republic
41
Fundamentalism
When a religion emphasizes strict obedience to its holy book
42
Genocide vs. Ethnic cleansing vs. Holocaust
Policy of mass murder against a specific group of people; Holocaust = specific genocide against Jews in WWII
43
Glasnost vs. Perestroika
2 Polices of Gorbachev - glasnost allowed more "openness" in Soviet society; perestroika allowed more economic freedoms
44
Global interdependence
When nations depend on each other, especially in terms of trade
45
Global Warming/ Greenhouse effect
When pollution in the atmosphere trap heat in earth's atmosphere resulting in permanent rise in temperature
46
Golden Age
A period of peace and prosperity with achievements in the arts and sciences
47
Great Leap Forward
Program by Mao Zedong which tries to modernize China's agriculture and Industry; devastating results
48
Green Revolution
Use of chemical fertilizers and scientific advances to create greater food production through "super plants"
49
GNP (Gross National Product) / GDP (Gross Domestic Product)/ per capita
Total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year Per capital= per person
50
Hammurabi's Code vs. Justinian's code vs. Law of Twelve Tables
Written (codified) law codes in Mesopotamia, Byzantine Empire, and Rome
51
Hieroglyphics vs., cuneiform
Early writing systems in Egypt and Mesopotamia
52
Hinduism
Main religion of India based in reincarnation and caste system
53
Humanism
Intellectual movement associated with the Renaissance which focused on the abilities of man rather than religion
54
Industrial Revolution/ Industrialization
1750- 1900s | Change in the way goods are produced from home to the factory
55
Iron Curtain
Term used to describe the division between communist easter Europe a s democratic Western Europe
56
Islam
Monotheistic religion started in Arabian peninsula by Mohammed; Allah is the name for God
57
Khmer Rouge/ Pol Pot
Cambodian communist group led by Pol Pot | -responsible for genocide in 1970s
58
Koran/ Qu'ran
Holy book of Islam
59
League of Nations vs. United Nations
Both organizations intended to keep world peace. League existed between WWI and WWII; UN has existed since WWII
60
Liberation theology
Movement by some Catholic nuns and priests in Latin America to encourage people to fight for social justice
61
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
Slogan of French Revolution
62
Machismo vs. Patriarchal
Both terms refer to belief that men are superior
63
Magna Carta/ Petition of Right/ Glorious Revolution
3 events in England that took power away from the monarch
64
Marshall Plan vs. Truman Doctrine
Both were Us policies that gave economic aid to countries so they could resist communism
65
Meiji Restoration
The modernization of Japan
66
Mercantilism
Economic system in which colonies give their resources to the mother country and the other country sells back manufactured goods to colony
67
Militarism
When a country builds up their military power
68
Mixed economy
An economic system that has some private industry and some government ownership of industries
69
Monarchy/ Monarch
Government led by a king/ queen
70
Monotheism vs. polytheism
One God vs. many gods
71
Monsoon
Seasonal wind
72
Nationalism vs. Nationalization
Pride in one's country vs. a government taking control of a nation's industries
73
Natural rights
According to John Locke, man's rights to life, liberty, and property
74
Paleolithic Age vs. Neolithic Revolution
Era of hunting and gathering vs. era of settled agriculture
75
Ninety- Five Theses
Martin Luther's 95 complaints against the Catholic Church which started the Protestant Reformation
76
Nomad
A person who wanders in search of food
77
Nonalignment
Foreign policy position during Cold War in which a country chose to remain neutral (not take sides)
78
NAFTA (North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement)
Trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and USA that allows free trade, no tariffs
79
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) vs. Warsaw Pact
Military defense groups- an attack on one is seen as an attack on all NATO- Western democracies Warsaw Pact- European communist nations

150 Words To Know For Global Regents (1 decks)

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