Deformation and Mountain Building

Question 1

Types of deformation

Answer 1

1) Bending.
2) Breaking.
3) Shortening
4) Stretching.
5) Shearing the rocks

Question 2

Strain

Answer 2

Changes in shape

Question 3

Deformational strain:

Answer 3

Joints
Folds
Faults
Foliation

Question 4

Joints

Answer 4

Fractures that have no offset.

Question 5

Folds

Answer 5

Layers that are bent by slow plastic flow.

Question 6

Faults

Answer 6

Fractures that are offset.

Question 7

Foliation

Answer 7

Planar metamorphic fabric.

Question 8

Deformation results (3)

Answer 8

1) Translation
2) Rotation
3) Distortion

Question 9

Translation:

Answer 9

change in location

Question 10

Rotation:

Answer 10

change in orientation

Question 11

Distortion

Answer 11

change in shape

Question 12

Strain types (3)

Answer 12

1) Stretching
2) Shortening
3) Shear

Question 13

Deformation types (2)

Answer 13

1) Brittle

2) Ductile

Question 14

Ductile

Answer 14

rocks deform by flowing or folding
occur in deeper crust
Higher P and T

Question 15

Ductile

Answer 15

rocks deform by flowing or folding
occur in deeper crust
Higher P and T

Question 16

Compression

Answer 16

Compression takes place when an object is squeezed

causes folds to be prominant

Question 17

Compression

Answer 17

Compression takes place when an object is squeezed

Question 18

Shear

Answer 18

when two objects rub by one another

causes folds to flatten out

Question 19

Pressure

Answer 19

occurs when an object feels the same stress on all sides

Question 20

Pressure

Answer 20

occurs when an object feels the same stress on all sides

Question 21

Bearing

Answer 21

Compass direction

Question 22

Plunge

Answer 22

Angle from horizontal

Question 23

Thrust faults

Answer 23

• older rock on top of newer rock
• common: leading edge of orogenic deformation
• shorten and thicken mountains

Question 24

Mylonites

Answer 24

Rocks from ductile shear zones

Question 25

Mylonites

Answer 25

Rocks from ductile shear zones

Question 26

Hinge

Answer 26

is a line along which the curvature is the greatest

Question 27

Limbs

Answer 27

less folded "sides" of the curve

Question 28

Axial plane

Answer 28

connects hinges of successive layers

Question 29

Syncline

Answer 29

is a fold that opens upward like a trough

Question 30

Syncline

Answer 30

is a fold that opens upward like a trough.

Question 31

Monocline

Answer 31

like a carpet draped over a single stair

Question 32

Dome

Answer 32

Circular landform is a fold with the appearance of an overturned bowl. exposes older rock

Question 33

How do folds develop? (2)

Answer 33

1) Flexural slip | 2) Passive flow

Question 34

How do folds develop? (2)

Answer 34

1) Flexural slip | 2) Passive flow

Question 35

Continental mountain building

Answer 35

caused by thrust faults fold thrust belts move outward on either side high mountains may eventually collapse

Question 36

Orogenesis creates (2)

Answer 36

1) Igneous rock | 2) Metamorphic rock

Question 37

Orogenesis creates (2)

Answer 37

1) Igneous rock | 2) Metamorphic rock