Degenerative joint disease {Osteoarthritis} Flashcards
(20 cards)
Osteoarthritis is characterized by degeneration of __________ that results in structural and functional failure of synovial joints
cartilage
How does chondrocytes activity lead to osteoarthritis?
Chondrocytes respond to biochemical and mechanical stresses resulting in the breakdown of the matrix
Primary osteoarthritis is ___________ (acute/gradual) in onset.
gradual
The main cause of primary osteoarthritis is __________
aging
Primary OA is usually ___________ but may be generalized.
oligoarticular
What statement is true about OA?
a. women are affected more than men
b. men are affected more than women
women are affected more than men
What is the most common part affected in OA in men?
hips
What are the common parts affected due to OA in women?
hands and knees
What are the causes of secondary OA in younger patients?
Joint deformity Previous joint injury Diabetes Ochronosis Hemochromatosis Marked obesity
What is the pathophysiology of OA?
Degeneration of the articular cartilage and its disordered repair
What are the phases of OA?
There are 3 phases
- chondrocyte injury
- early OA
- late OA
What happens in the early phase of OA?
Chondrocyte proliferation
Remodelling of the matrix (primary inflammatory changes)
Secondary inflammatory changes in synovium and subchondral bone.
How does remodelling of the matrix of articular cartilage occurs?
Chondrocytes proliferate and secrete inflammatory mediators, collagens, proteoglycans, and proteases, which act together to remodel the cartilaginous matrix
What happens in the late phase of OA?
Repetitive injury and chronic inflammation
Chondrocyte drop out
Marked loss of cartilage
Extensive subchondral bone changes
What type of collagen is mainly affected in OA?
Collagen type II
How collagen type 2 is destroyed?
TGF-B activates metalloproteinases which degrade collagen type II and unfortunately, degradation exceeds the synthesis.
Inflammatory cells are sparse in OA, but what are the mediators?
TGF-B
TNF
prostaglandins
nitric oxide
OA is genetically heterogeneous. What does that mean?
It means that OA is the result of multiple genetic variations
What are the morphological features of osteoarthritis?
Erosion and clefts in articular cartilage Osteophyte formation Subchondral cysts Bone eburnation (sclerotic bone) Joint mice No ankylosis
What are the signs and symptoms of OA
Pain Joint stiffness Crepitus Nodes formation in hands Vertebral problems
