Dementia

Question 1

Cognitive disorders have what three components

Answer 1

Memory
Orientation
Level of consciousness

Question 2

Cognitive disorder patients may have what secondary symptoms

Answer 2

Secondary psychiatric symptoms

Question 3

3 major cognitive disorders

Answer 3

Delirium
Dementia
Amnestic disorder

Question 4

Most common type of dementia

Answer 4

Alzheimer’s

Question 5

What type of diagnosis is Alzheimer’s

Answer 5

Diagnosis of exlucsion

Question 6

Two main parts of Alzheimer’s

Answer 6

Gradual loss of memory

Loss of intellectual abilities

Question 7

What to distinguish Alzheimer’s from

Answer 7

Pseudodementia

Normal aging

Question 8

Define pseudodementia

Answer 8

Depression that mimics dementia

Question 9

What chromosomal abnormality is most famous for being associated with Alzheimer’s

Answer 9

21

Question 10

What chromosome abnormalities are implicated in early-onset alzheimer

Answer 10

1 and 14

Question 11

What gene is implicated in higher occureence of Alzheimer’s

Answer 11

ApoE4

Question 12

3 neuro levels changed in Alzheimer’s

Answer 12

1. Decreased Ach and choline acetyltransferase
2. Abnormal amyloid proteins
3. Overstimulation of NMDA by glutamate

Question 13

1 gross anatomical change in Alzheimer

Answer 13

Brain ventricles enlarged

Question 14

Microscopic change in ALzheimer’s 2

Answer 14

1. Senile amyloid plaques

2. Neurofibrillary tangles

Question 15

Alzheimer’s course?

Answer 15

Progressive, irreversible, downhill

Question 16

Most effective Alzheimer’s intervention

Answer 16

Structured environment

Question 17

3 drugs used in Alzheimer’s

Answer 17

1. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
2. Memantine (NMDA antagonist)
3. Psychotropic agents

Question 18

Dementia is what type of problem

Answer 18

Syndrome

Question 19

Diagnostic criteria for dementia

Answer 19

1. Memory impairment
2. One cognitive loss
3. Decline in function
4. Social/occupational functioning impaired

Question 20

5 reasons dementia can present so differently

Answer 20

1. Location of damage
2. Rate of disease change
3. Pre-morbid disease
4. Incidental features
5. Other causes

Question 21

3 most common forms of dementia

Answer 21

1. Degenerative (most common)
2. Vascular
3. Alcohol induced

Question 22

Definitive diagnosis of alzheimer’s when?

Answer 22

Autopsy

Question 23

Two regions of brain heavily damaged in Alzheimer’s

Answer 23

Medial temporal lobe

Hippocampal

Question 24

Two forms of Alzheimer’s

Answer 24

Late onset (most common)
Early onset

Question 25

Biggest risk factor for Alzheimer's

Answer 25

Age

Question 26

Which sex has Alzheimer's more

Answer 26

Female

Question 27

Fronto-temporal dementia has what features 4

Answer 27

1. impaired attention 2. odd behavior 3. language changes 4. hypometabolism

Question 28

Vascular dementia most commonly affects what lobe

Answer 28

Frontal lobe

Question 29

Dementia with Lewy Bodies must have what 3 features

Answer 29

1. progressive cognitive decline 2. functional impairment 3. Attention or visuospatial impairment

Question 30

What is the sign of focal cortical atrophy dementia

Answer 30

Primary progressive aphasia

Question 31

What is the sign of normal pressure hydrocephalus dementia 3

Answer 31

Dementia, ataxia, incontinence

Question 32

Subcortical dementias (2)

Answer 32

1. Parkinson's | 2. Huntington's

Question 33

Two screening tests of dementia for diagnosis

Answer 33

MMSE | SLUMS

Question 34

Most common presenting symptom of AD

Answer 34

Impairment in short term of recent memory