Dementia Flashcards by Amanda Luque

The duration of this disorder is commonly brief.

Delirium

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Pt. w/ this disorder uses confabulation to hide cognitive deficits.

Neurocognitive Disorder

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Symptoms of this disorder may be confused w/ depression.

Neurocognitive Disorder

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This disorder can be caused by a series of small strokes.

Neurocognitive Disorder

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This disorder is commonly reversible.

Deliurim

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This disorder can occur as the result of seizures.

Delirium

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This disorder affects the level of awareness.

Delirium

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This disorder’s reversibility occurs only in small percentages of cases.

Neurocognitive Disorder

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Severe migraine headaches can lead to this condition.

Delirium

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personality changes is common w/ this condition.

Neurocognitive Disorder

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Illusions and hallucinations are common symptoms with this condition.

Delirium

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Symptoms for this condition can occur as a result of alcohol withdrawal.

Delirium

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Symptoms for this condition can occur as a result of cocaine intoxication.

Delirium

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This condition can occur as a result of head trauma.

Delirium and Neurocognitive Disorder

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Disturbance in memory is commonly the 1st symptom w/ this condition.

Neurocognitive Disorder

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What is the term used to describe creating imaginary events to fill memory gaps in life?

Confabulation

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What is the term used to describe a mental state characterized by a disturbance of cognition, which is manifested by confusion, excitement, disorientation, and a clouding of consciousness?

Delirium

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The loss of social roles/autonomy, deaths of friends/relatives, declining health, increase in isolation, financial constraints, and a decrease in cognitive function are all what?

Psychosocial risk factors predisposing older people to mental disorders

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True or false.

Neurocognitive disorders are curable?

False

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Pharmacological, attention to environment, family support, and help maximize pt’s level of functioning is known as what?

Symptomatic treatment for people w/ neurocognitive disorders

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True or False.

Neurocognitive disorders are a part of the normal aging process.

False

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Which disorder develops rapidly?

Delirium

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Name this disorder: difficulty sustaining/shifting attention, extreme distractibility, disorganized thinking, rambled/irrelevant/pressured/incoherent speech, impaired reasoning ability and goal directed behavior?

Delirium

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What is the term used to describe a heightened awareness to environmental stimuli?

Hypervigilance

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True or false. | UTI's can cause a change in mental status.

True

Name this disorder: disorientation to time/place, impairment of recent memory, disturbance in level of consciousness, interrupted sleep-wake cycle, psychomotor activity, emotional instability?

Delirium

What is the term used to describe a clinically significant deficit in cognition or memory, representing a significant change from a previous level of functioning?

Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD)

True or false. | Allusions are thoughts and illusions are images.

True

What is the term used to describe the inability to speak or voice needs?

Aphasia

What is the term used to describe the inability to carry on motor functions despite motor function being intact, or clumsiness?

Apraxia

Name this disorder: tachycardia, sweating, flushed face, dilated pupils, elevated blood pressure, and usually begins abruptly unless an illness or metabolic imbalance is involved then it has a slower onset?

Delirium

How long does delirium usually last?

Up to a week, but no longer than a month

When do symptoms of delirium start to diminish?

3-7 days up to 2 weeks

A permanent cognitive disorder is known as what?

Major NCD

This condition can be caused by general medical conditions, surgical procedures, or a neurological condition?

Delirium

What can be a focus to early intervention or to prevent/slow progression of disorder?

Mild NCD

What constitutes what was previously described in the DSM as dementia?

Major NCD

If the disorder itself is the major sign of some organic brain disease and not directly r/t any other organic illness, like Alzheimer's Disease then it is considered?

Primary NCD

If the disorder is caused by or r/t another disease or condition, like HIV then it is known as?

Secondary NCD

Name this disorder: impairment in abstract thinking, judgement and impulse control, conventional rules are disregarded, personal appearance/hygiene is neglected, language may/may not be affected?

NCD

True or false. | Dementia is not reversible.

True

Reversible NCD can also be termed as what?

Temporary dementia

What can occur as a result of a stroke, depression, side effects of meds, nutritional deficiency, vitamin deficiency (especially B12 and D), or metabolic disorders?

Reversible NCD

Name this disorder: irritability and moodiness w/ sudden outburst of trivial issues, inability to care for personal needs independently, wandering away from home, and incontinence?

NCD

True or false. | Pt.'s w/ NCD can be left alone.

False

What stage of Alzheimer's Disease is characterized by losses in short-term memory making people feel ashamed, anxious, and depressed which can worsen symptoms, but is not observed by others?

Stage II: Forgetfulness

What stage of Alzheimer's Disease is characterized by a decline in memory?

Stage I: No apparent symptoms

What stage of Alzheimer's Disease is characterized by interfering w/ work performances, can get lost while driving, concentration is interrupted, and a decline in ability to plan or organize and is visible to others?

Stage III: Mild cognitive decline

What stage of Alzheimer's Disease is characterized by problems w/ immobility, withdrawn, unaware of environment, can't recognize family members, are bed/chair fast, have a depressed immune system, decrease in appetite, and can't perform ADL's?

Stage VII: Severe cognitive decline

What stage of Alzheimer's Disease is characterized by frustration, withdrawn, self-absorbed, lose ability to perform some ADL's independently, may forget personal info/relatives, maintain knowledge of self but disoriented to place and time?

Stage V: Moderate cognitive decline

What stage of Alzheimer's Disease is characterized by may forget major events in personal history, decline in ability to perform tasks, unable to understand current news events, depressed, withdrawn, and may deny prob and cover it up w/ confabulation?

Stage IV: Mild-to-moderate cognitive decline

What stage of Alzheimer's Disease is characterized by unable to recall major life-events, disoriented to place and time, can't perform ADL's w/o help, are incontinent, and experience psychomotor and sun-downing symptoms?

Stage VI: Moderate-to-severe cognitive decline

NCD due to Alzheimer's Disease is...?

Slow and insidious onset

NCD that occurs as a result of significant cerebrovascular disease; where blood vessels of brain are affected and progressive deterioration occurs?

Vascular NCD

True or false. | Immobility can lead to pneumonia, sepsis, UTI and possibly death.

True

True or false. | Vascular NCD is more abrupt onset and has an irregular pattern of decline.

True

True or false. Memory loss can emerge much later in Vascular NCD and instead experience probs w/ gait, reflexes and muscle weakness 1st.

True

Interrupted blood flow to the brain causes what?

Vascular NCD

What is one of the most significant factors to the cause of vascular NCD?

HTN

What disease is a rare form of dementia, involving localized atrophy of the brain (frontotemporal lobes) and genetics is a factor?

Pick's disease

What is the most common neurobehavioral symptom following head trauma?

Amnesia

Dementia pugilictica can be caused by what?

Repeated head trauma

Emotional lability, dysarthria, ataxia, impulsivity are all signs of what?

Dementia Pugilistica

What is similar to Alzheimer's disease but progresses more rapidly and earlier appearances of visual hallucinations and parkinsonian features and is irreversible?

Lewy body disease

Dementia can also be caused by what?

Parkinson's, HIV, and substance-induced

What is an inherited condition where nerve cells of the brain break down over time?

Huntington's disease

What is a progressive neurogenerative disorder that affects the nervous system?

Prion's disease

What is the term used to describe muscle incoordination?

Ataxia

What should treatment for people w/ NCD's be focused on?

how to socially react and to decrease anxiety and agitation

The two main emphases for what include: signs of damage to nervous system, and evidence of diseases of other organs that could affect mental function?

Physical assessment

True or false. | Diagnostic laboratory evaluations including blood and urine tests diagnose NCD's/dementia.

False

What type of activities should you do w/ people who have NCD/dementia?

Reminiscence activities, stuff they know from their time (long term memory)

Risk for trauma, disturbed thought processes, impaired memory, disturbed sensory perception, risk for other directed violence, impaired verbal communication, self-care deficit, situational low self-esteem, and grieving are all what?

Nursing diagnoses

The pt. hasn't experienced physical injury, hasn't harmed self/others, has maintained reality to best of capability, discusses positive aspects about self/life, and participates in ADL's are all what?

Client outcomes

Protection of self/others, maintaining orientation to reality, minimizing confusion, fulfilling basic needs, and assisting and educating prospective caregivers are all what?

Planning and implementation

Nature of the illness, management of the illness, and support services are all what?

Client/family education

These treatment modalities are for what disorder: low stimuli room, low dose of antipsychotics, benzo's for withdrawal pt.'s, determining underlying cause and staying with pt at all times to monitor behavior?

Delirium

These meds are used for what: Galantamine (Razadyne), or Donepezil (Aricept)?

Cognitive impairment

These meds are used for what: Risperidone (Risperdal), Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Quetiapine (Seroquel) Haldol or Ziprasidone (Geodon)

Agitation, aggression, hallucinations, thought disturbances and wandering

The black box warning for atypical antipsychotics in the elderly w/ dementia is what?

Increase risk of death

These meds are used for what: Lorasepam (Ativan), Oxazepam (Serax), or Diazepam (Valium)

Anxiety

These meds are used for what: Trazadone (Desyrel), Zolpidem (Ambien) or Temazepam (Restoril)?

Sleep disturbances for short-term therapy only

Dementia Flashcards

(82 cards)