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Flashcards in dementia Deck (16)
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1
Q

how many people have dementia approx?

A

700,00 in the UK
1 in 85
35% of over 65 in-stay patients

2
Q

how many predicted by 2050

A

2 million

3
Q

types

A

over 50% alzehimers disease,
25% vascular dementia
15% lewy body
mixed Alz, vascular

4
Q

discuss classifications

A

alz - build of beta amyloid peptide causing neuronal damage and loss of acetylchline and grey and whitematter
95% have signs of vasculae dementia

vascular dementia- accumulation of multiple small strokes
sudden onset
stepwise deteriotation

lewy body dementia- visual hallucinations, signs of mild Parkinson, sleep disorder

5
Q

risk factors

A
vascular disease or signs- diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension 
first degree relative 
downs syndrome
depression
lack of physical or cognitive activity
6
Q

presentation

A
memory loss over months years 
anxiety, mood disturbances, hallcunations
agitation
irritability 
mood swings 
aggression
wandering lethargy
7
Q

the four As and what they mean

A

amnesia - Memory
Apraxia - movement/activity
Aphagia- language speech
Agnosia- sensation/senses

8
Q

investigations

A

full history and exam - may need collateral history from rels

AMTs assessment
Min mental state exam
6 item cognitive impairment test 
general practitioner assessment 
7 minute screen
test your memory test -TYM test
9
Q

what to examine in an examinations

A
the four As
attention
concentration
language 
short and long term memory
10
Q

other investigations

A

bloods
Vitamin B12
folate
FBC, ESR CRP TSH LFTs

imaging -CT/MRI/EEG

11
Q

treatment and management

supportive and medication wise

A
supportive 
- provide family with information for lifestyle management e.g. care packages,  carers
support groups
music , art and pet therapy 
create a routine for the patent 
massages

medication wise -AchE inhibitors

N metyl D aspartate antagonist as a 2nd line

12
Q

supplements to be given

A

folic acid

vitamin bs

13
Q

other considerations

A

capacity
power of attorney
patients wishes
DNACPR

14
Q

if depression is present

A

SSRI-citalopram

15
Q

name of AchE inhibitors

A

galantamine
donepezil
rivastigamine

16
Q

name a 2nd line

A

memantine