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I&P > Dementia > Flashcards

Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

Positive aspects to being old?

A 
Freedom
Travel
Retirement
Pension
Less responsibility
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2
Q

Negative aspects to being old?

A 
Illness
Frailty
Dependence
Pension
Reliance on carers
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3
Q

What is ageism attitude and language?

A 
ugly and useless
an elder vs the elderly
the grey hordes
plague of wrinklies
silent epidemic of dementia
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4
Q

What is the gray panthers?

A

The Gray Panthers are a series of multi-generational local advocacy networks in the United States which confront ageism and many other social justice issues. The organization was formed by Maggie Kuhn in response to her forced retirement from the Presbyterian Church at the age of 65 in 1970.

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5
Q

What are we most worried about in late life? (all)

A

40%= cancer
29%= dimentia
heart disease= 10%
stroke=7%

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6
Q

What is dementia?

A

Not a disease in its own right. It is a deterioration in intellectual functioning and social behaviour.

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7
Q

5 main features of dimentia

A
  1. syndrome due to disease of the brain
  2. chronic or progressive in nature

3.disturbance of multiple higher cortical functions
e.g
decline in memory, thinking, learning capacity, judgement

  1. consciousness is not clouded
  2. accompanied by deterioration in emotional control, social behaviour or motivation
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8
Q

What are different types of dementia syndromes

A 
Alzheimer’s disease 			62%
Vascular dementia 			17%
Mixed dementia (AD & VaD)	10%
Dementia with Lewy bodies	 4%
Fronto-temporal dementia	 2%
Parkinson’s dementia		 2%
Other dementias			 3%
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9
Q

what are the 3 bounds of dementia severity?

A

mild
moderate
severe

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10
Q

why do we categorise?

A

they require different types of support

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11
Q

what is mild dementia

A

cognitive decline limits functional activities but independent living is possible

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12
Q

what is moderate dementia

A

seriously inhibited functional activity. Familiar material retained but independent living not possible

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13
Q

what is severe dementia

A

complete inability to retain new info. Assistance required for all daily living activities. Very limited communication

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14
Q

how many currently have dementia

A

850,000 in uk

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15
Q

how many have dementia under 65? (early onset)

A

40,000

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16
Q

why do more women have dementia?

A

They live longer

17
Q

how many are women ?

A

2/3 with dementia are women

18
Q

What does having a learning disability do to our risk?

A

Increases risk of dementia

19
Q

What is Kitwood’s model of dementia?

A

Dementia=NI+H+B+P+SP

NI - neurological impairment
H - health & physical fitness
B - biography, life history
P - personality
SP - social psychology
20
Q

What were previous views on dementia?

A

Disease
Ct scans
Us and them
living death

21
Q

what are current views on dementia?

A 
Disability
Care plans
'all of us'
living well
communication
22
Q

What are the signs of dementia?

A

often subtle onset

only recognised after diagnosis

symptom under-reporting, don’t attend GP surgeries, lack of self-awareness

gradual loss of self or ‘personhood’

23
Q

What is Kitwood’s definition of personhood?

A

A standing or status that is bestowed upon one human being, by others, in the context of relationship and social being. It implies recognition, respect and trust.

24
Q

9 common signs and symptoms of dementia?

A
  1. Struggling to remember recent events but easily recalling past events
  2. Hard to follow conversations or Tv programmes
  3. Forgetting names of friends and everyday objects
  4. Repeating yourself + losing thread of what you are saying
  5. Problems with thinking and reasoning
  6. Feeling anxious, depressed, angry about forgetfulness
  7. Comments on forgetfulness
  8. Confused in a familiar environment
  9. Decline in ability to talk, read or write
25
Q

What are the 5 main aspects of well pathway for dementia?

A
  1. preventing well
  2. diagnosing well
  3. supporting well
  4. living well
  5. dying well
26
Q

What are the pharmacological treatments?

A
  1. acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

2. NMDA receptor antagonist (glutamate)

27
Q

What are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

A

donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon) and galantamine (Reminyl)
may temporarily improve memory
mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease

28
Q

what are NMDA receptor antagonist (glutamate)?

A

memantine (Ebixa)

moderately severe to severe Alzheimer’s disease

29
Q

What effects do antipsychotics have for dementia patients?

A

side effects: greater in older people - increased stroke risk, increased cardiovascular risk, Parkinsonian side effects, falls, additional deaths

class effects, not limited to one particular drug

not licensed for the treatment of agitation (except risperidone)

20-30% of people in nursing homes with dementia are on an antipsychotic

30
Q

How much does dementia cost a year?

A

26.3 billion pounds

31
Q

What is the breakdown of cost?

A

Unpaid care= 11.6 billion

health care=4.3 billion

state social care= 4.5 billion

individual social care= 5.8 billion

other costs= 0.1 billion

32
Q

Where does UK stand in the state/family obligation to care responsibility balance?

A

no legal responsibility and no statutory obligation beyond the NHS (in the middle)

33
Q

how many in the UK with dementia live at home?

A

64%

34
Q

what are the positive aspects of care-giving?

A
  1. reciprocity and mutual affection
    e. g returning partners past care
  2. companionship
  3. job satisfaction
  4. sense of duty
    e. g in sickness and in health
35
Q

What is the new culture of dementia care?

A

Social model of disability- impairment

36
Q

What does Social model of disability- impairment entail?

A

Person-centred care such as:
1.individualised plans

  1. perspective of the person with dementia
  2. dementia friendly communities

I&P (1 decks)

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