dementia and ataxia Flashcards
(45 cards)
What chromosome is the APP gene on for ALZ?
21
what is apraxia?
inability to execute motor tasks despite having the strength and general motor required to do it.
dementia has many frontal release signs evident on exam, what are frontal releas signs?
reflexes that are present in infants
what infant reflex is often seen in parkinson’s disease?
myerson’s sign, tapping forehead and blinking eyes
INFANT REFLEX SIGNS ARE ALL SIGNS OF DAMAGE TO WHERE?
FRONTAL SUBCORTICAL MATTER
what is dementia/
cognitive impairment severe enough to impact daily activities and must be different from baseline
what is one step before dementia, impairment but doesn’t disrupt daily functions?
mild cognitive impairment MCI
what are hallmark path findings of ALZ?
neurofibrillary tangles (intracell) and amyloid plaques (extracell)
global cortical atrophy is often seen in ALZ, where is it often most pronounced?
mesial temporal lobe and parietal
what is the most common clinical presentation of ALZ?
amnestic dementia
what may hasten ALZ progression
illnesses or loss of psychosocial support
what is the most common variant of frontotemporal or picks dementia? features?
behavioral
- changes to personality and executive function, disinhibition, loss of motivation, empathy, compulsiveness
frontotemporal dementia spares what? average age of onset?
memory or visuospatial
50
primary progressive aphasia is associated with what?
FTD picks
key ingredient of dementia with lewy bodies?
alpha synuclein- distributed throughout the cortex
what is the most common form of VaD?
extensive small vessel ischemic disease
what is leukoaraiosis?
extensive loss of areas of white matter—> dementia from this is binswangers
what are key findings of vasculat dementia?
executive dysfunction, easy laughing or crying (pseudobulbar affect), loss of motivation (often taken as depression), urinary incontinence, and parkinsonian gait.
what is treatmetn of NPH?
shunting
if the diagnosis of dementia has an onset of 2years or just a couple months, what should we be thinking,
CJD prion disease- sporadic in 1- 1000000
cortical and deep gray matter chandes- 5 months from onset death.
what does MRI show on CJD?
DWI restriction- bright throughout cortex, basal ganglia and thalamus
what dementias can cholinesterase inhibitors help a little?
dementia of alz
DLB
what does memantine help in ?
ALZ
what is memory loss under 24 hours associated with stress in older people? patient repeats same questions but doesn’t remeber saying them but what isn’t effected?
transient global amnesia
autobiography and identity
