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Geriatrics > Dementia and Delirium > Flashcards

Dementia and Delirium Flashcards

1
Q

what is dementia

A

a decline in memory and other cognitive functions that affect daily life

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2
Q

is dementia a acquired syndrome

A

yes

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3
Q

are the cog issues seen with dementia seen with delrium and other psych disorders

A

nope

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4
Q

how do decide if someone has dementia

A

patient history

refer to another person who has knowledge of performance

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5
Q

what are the cog domain that are involved in the neuro-cog evaluation

A

impaired memory and learning

visuospatial and orientation to dressing

finding object

language - word finding, spelling,

personality or behavioral chnage

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6
Q

what are the three types of dementia that she mentions

A

alheimer’s disease

vascular dem

lewy body dem

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7
Q

what do we see with lewy body dem

A

~20% have hallucinations

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8
Q

what does normal pressure hydrocephalus lead to

A

dem - rapid progression

gait problems

UI

hard time writting

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9
Q

what is the prison disease

A

the jakob disease

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10
Q

what is the most common type of dem

A

alzheimer’s

2/3 of all dem

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11
Q

how does alz present

A

gradual onset

progressive decline in cog

sparing motor and sensory functions

aphasia, apraxia, visuospatial function

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12
Q

alz and planning actions

A

have a hard time with activities that have multiple steps

dressing, bucking a seat belt, movinng out of the asile

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13
Q

what are some warning signs for alz

A

memory loss

hard time performing familar tasks

language issues

no Ax2

poor decision making

abstract thinking

misplacing things

chnages in mood and behavior

loss of inciative

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14
Q

what is the difference between dem and delirium

A

delirium: reversible normally, caused acutely by a disease or drug, affecting your attention and awareness

dementia: progressive longterm condition, effects cog and memory function

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15
Q

what is mild cog impairment

A

this is a transitional state between normal aging and early dementia

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16
Q

what do we see with MCI

A

slight impairment with cog function with otherwise intact functional status

normal ADL

memory complaint from close person

score 1.5 below age appropriate norms

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17
Q

do all those who have dem have to pass through the MCI phase

A

nope

8/10 of those convert into dem in 6 year s

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18
Q

is AD costly

A

yes

more then heart disease

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19
Q

are chromosomal mutation often a cause of AD

A

nope only 5% of cases

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20
Q

does a family history of AD increase your risk

A

slight increase in risk

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21
Q

what are the other risk factors for AD

A

age

down syndrome

low education - may be related to cog reserve

depression

possible lack of physcial activity

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22
Q

what is the average span of AD

A

10 years

3-20 year = rnage

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23
Q

when do we see the most chnages in those with AD

A

in the end

slow changes in the begining

24
Q

how long does it normally take for one to get diagnosed with AD

A

1 - 4 years

it is normally dismissed as a result of aging

25
Q

what is lost first IADLs or ADLs

A

iadls

26
Q

what is AD characterized by

A

hard time with

memory
language
vision/spatial function
praxia

27
Q

what is kind of memory loss is seen with AD

A

this is normally the presenting feature

STM impacted first

impairment in learning new infromation

progresses to complete failure of recall

28
Q

what kind of orientation is normally most impacted

A

time orientation is most vulnerable

29
Q

how is language impacted with AD

A

word finding difficulty

vauge content

use pronoun

automatic phrases and cliches

loss of rythmn of voice

loss to global aphasia

30
Q

what visual impairment do we see with AD

A

agnosia: impaired recognition of objects

31
Q

what EF do people with AD have

A

judgement

problem solving

plan abstract thinking

32
Q

what self awareness problem do people with AD have

A

rec of impairment

33
Q

what are the three thing that are normally seen with pre -AD

A

memory changes - new info

lang - generating lang

behavioral - personality, irritable, anxiety/depression

34
Q

what are the chara seen with middle stage AD

A

poor judgement

visuospatial function

delusion, agression, hallucinations

35
Q

what is seen with late stage AD

A

disorientation

neglect self care, eating, bathing, grooming

wandering

hallucination, delusions

36
Q

what physical changes do we see to the brain with AD

A

decrease in the size of the hippo and the cortex

enlargement of the ventricles

37
Q

what is the patho of AD

A

amyloid plagues and tangles in the brain

38
Q

what is the patho of vascular dementia

A

disease or injury to the blood vessel leading to the brain

39
Q

what is the patho of frontotemporal dem

A

deteriation of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain

40
Q

what is the patho of lewy body dem

A

lewy body proteins on nerve cells

41
Q

what is the difference between hallucintation and delusion

A

hall: there is a visible and audible stim

delusion: very strong false belief

42
Q

what are some common causes for confusion in patients

A

dem

stroke

low blood sugar

MCI

drugs

43
Q

do other neuro or physiological issues cause dementia

A

nope

cannot be attributed to complications with meds

44
Q

what is a hypoglycemic level

A

<70mg/d

45
Q

what are some signs and sym of hypoglycemia

A

sweating

nervous

confusion

rapid onset of sym

tachy

palpitations

46
Q

how quickly can delirium set in

A

hours to days

47
Q

what is included in the cofusion assessment method

A

acute onset

fluctuating course

inattention

diorganized thinking

48
Q

is there a drug for delirum

A

no

49
Q

what is the treatment for delirium

A

look for the cause of delirium

optimizing the conditions for the brain

address the distress

consider dementia

rehab during delirium

50
Q

what are some treatment ideas for those with dem

A

family member present

community with team and family

mobility

maintain sleep wake cycles - with cues

re-orientation

decrease attention to hall and delusions

oppertunies for cog stimulation

families

51
Q

what is personal space

A

6ft to arm length

52
Q

what is public space

A

6ft away from me

53
Q

what is intimate space

A

6 inches or less

physical contact

54
Q

what is scuba mask

A

peri vision is lost

55
Q

what are the steps to connect with someone with dem

A
  1. visually
  2. verbally
  3. physically
  4. emtionally
  5. personality - individually - spiritualluy

Geriatrics (11 decks)

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