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democracy Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

responsible government

A

the government must have the support of a majority of members of Parliament (MPs) to stay in power

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2
Q

unitary system

A

a system of political organization in which most or all of the governing power resides in a centralized government, in contrast to a federal state

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3
Q

federal system

A

includes executive, legislative​, and judicial branches

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4
Q

checks and balances

A

usually ensure that no one person or department has absolute control over decisions, clearly define the assigned duties, and force cooperation in completing tasks

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5
Q

triple E senate

A

proposed reform of the senate:
effective; be accounatable
elected (instead of appointed); in order to learn who the people are
equal; equal representation between provinces

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6
Q

representative by population/first pass the post

A

each memeber represents approximately the same amount of people from each province (80000-100000 people)
winner in riding ins candidate that recieves the most votes

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7
Q

constitutional monarchy

A

the Sovereign is Head of State, the ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected parliament

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8
Q

executive branch

A

part of government which enforces the law, and has overall responsibility for the governance of a state
prime minister and cabinet

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9
Q

legislative branch

A

he federal institution with the power to make laws, to raise taxes, and to authorize government spending
house of commons and senate

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10
Q

judicial branch

A

appointed judges
highest court in the land
hear disputes between provinces and territories, issues between provinces and government, copyright issues, citizenship appeals, human rights issues, etc.

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11
Q

governor general

A

Mary Simons
representation of crown; also nown as head of state
more of ceremonial/honorary position

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12
Q

cabinet

A

chosen from the elected member of parliament who is given a particular department (finance, education, foreign affaires, etc.)

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13
Q

representative democracy

A

we vote people to represent us
federal (members of parliament)
provincial (members of legislative assembly)
municipal ( city council)

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14
Q

constitution

A

supreme law of Canada

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15
Q

upper chamber and lower chamber

A

upper (senate); lower (house of commons)

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16
Q

parliament

A

federal legislature of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, and is composed of three parts: the King, the Senate, and the House of Commons

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17
Q

direct democracy

A

peopel decide everything; voteres vote on every issue
effective for small groups

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18
Q

referendum/plebiscite

A

public vote to change consititution; general vote on specific issue
referendum is binding; whatever is voted happens
plebiscite is an inquiry; wants to know what everyone else wants

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19
Q

dissident

A

a person who opposes official policy, especially that of an authoritarian state

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20
Q

block voting/cabinet solidarity/caucus solidarity/party solidarity/ministerial solidarity

A

party is told how to vote on every bill
meetng of only party memebers
makes them look like a unit and united
doesn’t represent the people

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21
Q

caucus

A

a meeting a meeting or grouping of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement

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22
Q

tyranny of the majority

A

nothing stops hem from passing any bills they wish

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23
Q

minority government/coalition government

A

less than half the seats but still the most seats
they must get help from other parties (it’s hard to pass legislation)

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24
Q

universal sufferage

A

ensures the right to vote for as many people who are bound by a government’s laws as possible, as supported by the “one person, one vote” principle

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25
prime minister
leader of the party that won most seats in elections
26
house of commons
338 seats/elected members elected by representation by population/first past the ost electorial system
27
vote of non-confidence
lost of confidence in prime minister's ability to do job (in america it is called impeachement)
28
canadian senate
appointed by prime minister provide second thought/screening (make sure that house of commons are making the correct decisions)
29
criticism of senate
costs too much for little return not highly visible; not impactful to the government not equal representation
30
riding/constituency
areas of voters who vote one representative don't cross borders of provinces
31
rule of law
all democracy have consititution laws and criminal code nation wide everyone is suseptable to law
32
human rights/freedoms
freedom of religious association free vote by secret ballot mobility constitution that protects rights and freedoms
33
accountability/responsibility
individual; vote, protest political; represent the people media; open, honest, transparent
34
voting with choice
free choice by seccret ballot multiple choices with different ideologies
35
division of power
multiple branches
36
cons of fptp
leads to voter apathy votes don't matter leads to 2 parties voters are voting for the next best thing
37
proportional representative electoral system
percent of vote you get equal percent of seat you recieve
38
pros and cons of pres
pro: all votes count higher voter turnout more parties/voices in parliament con: lead to coalition (2 parties merge because of minority government) volatile and unstable difficult to pass legislation
39
presidential/congressional democracy
system in USA
40
republic
the usa; all representatives are elected, no monarchy
41
legislative branch (usa)
drafts purposed laws representative from each state ensures the regions have a strong voice in the legislature of the Federal government includese houses of congress
42
houses of congress
senate house of representatives
43
senate (usa)
powerful and effective six years in office
44
house of representatives
435 members congressmen elected for 2 years laws must be approved by both houses
45
exectutive branch (usa)
not a part of the legislative branch includes: president, cabinet
46
president/ chief executive officer of USA/ head of state/ head of government
born in usa not a memeber of congress 4 year term (max 2 terms)
47
cabinet (usa)
appointed by president not memeber of congress propose legisation to president, carry out laws passed by congress
48
judicial
interprets government law jusdge cases based on laws of nation/state made up of supreme court
49
supreme court of the united states
9 judges appointed by president and confirmed by the senate for life
50
principals of collectivism
economic equality, cooperation, public property, collective interest, collective responsibility, adherence to collective norms
51
principals of individualism
rule of law, individual rights and freedoms, private property, economic freedom, self-interest/competition
52
economic equality
people with larger income pay higher taxes all people should earn equal pay for similar work guarenteed annual income share wealth
53
cooperation
members in group/collectives achieve their common goals
54
public property
land, buildings, vehicles (not privately owned) maintained with public money/taxes and can be uses by all members
55
collective interest
set of interests that members of a group have in common goals better adressed by making common set of interests ex. labour unions
56
collective responsibility
holding whole group responsible for actions of individuals
57
adherence to collective norms
impose norms and standards of membership in group
58
rule of law
every individual is equal before the law and all citizens are subject to the law
59
individual rights and freedoms
freedom of religion, speech, security, liberty may be limited (ex. legal voting age, freedom of speech v.s. promotion of speech)
60
private property
real-estate: land, water, air corridors physical possessions: stereos, cars intellectual property: writing, artwork, music
61
economic freedom
freedom to buy/sell whatever you want to whoever you like free of government intervention; free market
62
self-interest/competition
competition with each other benefits all of society (contributes to the oome good of everyone "invisible hand" guides individuals
63
electorate
all the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election
64
rupublican democracy
representative form of government that is ruled according to a charter, or constitution, and a democracy is a government that is ruled according to the will of the majority
65
executive accountability
executives are accountable for ensuring they identify, monitor and operate in accordance with legal obligations relevant to their functional area, including seeking advice as necessary
66
pressure/lobby groups
groups that seek to influence or change government legislation and policies
67
civil service
collective term for a sector of government composed mainly of career civil servants hired rather than appointed or elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership
68
ombundsman
an official appointed to investigate individuals' complaints against maladministration, especially that of public authorities
69
unicameral
having a single legislative chamber
70
bicameral
having two chambers in legislature
71
johhn stuart mill
government should be limited to providing the conditions necessary for people to achieve their individuality believed women should be able to vote
72
montesqiue
idea of 3 branches of government
73
universal suffrage
everyone should be able to vote

world history (2 decks)

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