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Classical Civilisation > Democracy and the Athenians > Flashcards

Democracy and the Athenians Flashcards

1
Q

When was Solon Archon?

A

594/3BC

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2
Q

What does Seisachtheia mean?

A

the ‘shaking off of burdens’

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3
Q

What did the reform of Seisachtheia do? (4)

A
  • cancelled all debts of Athenians
  • ended debt enslavement
  • banned money-borrowing on the security of a human
  • abolished the custom of paying 1/6th of income for land - thus abolishing ‘hektamoroi’
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4
Q

What was the 500 Bushel class called?

A

Pentakosiomedimnoi

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5
Q

What was the 300 Bushel class called?

A

Hippeis

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6
Q

What was the 200 Bushel class called?

A

Zeugitae

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7
Q

What was the <200 Bushel class called?

A

Thetes

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8
Q

What property classes under Solon could be archons, generals or treasurers?

A

The Pentakosiomedimnoi and Hippeis

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9
Q

What roles could the Zeugitae fulfil?

A

junior magistrates such as Thesmothetai and officials

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10
Q

What political rights did the Thetes have?

A

they could vote in the assembly or serve as jurors

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11
Q

Who may have introduced a Boule of 400?

A

Solon

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12
Q

Who instituted the selection of most officials by lot (excluding strategoi)?

A

Solon

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13
Q

Who standardised Athenian currency?

A

Solon

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14
Q

Who introduced written laws?

A

Draco

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15
Q

Who abolished Draco’s lawcode?

A

Solon (with the exception of those regarding homicide)

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16
Q

Who instituted the right of any Athenian citizen to appeal to the Eliaia?

A

Solon

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17
Q

Who ensured the Assembly would meet regularly and that any male citizen could attend?

A

Solon

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18
Q

Basileus

A

King-archon

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19
Q

Polemarch

A

commander of the army

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20
Q

Archon

A

Senior Civic Magistrate

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21
Q

Thesmothetai

A

oversee disputes and the law courts

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22
Q

Who made up the Areopagus?

A

ex-archons

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23
Q

How many members did the Areopagus have?

A

150 ish

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24
Q

In what years after Solon’s reforms was no archon appointed?

A

586BC
582-80BC

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25
Q

What 3 factions formed due to discontent at Solon’s reforms?

A

The Hill Party - Pisistratus
The Coast Party - Megacles
The Plain Party - Lycurgus

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26
Q

When did Pisistratus take control of Athens?

A

546BC

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27
Q

When did Pisistratus die?

A

527BC

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28
Q

When was the Pisistratid tyranny forced out of Athens?

A

511BC

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29
Q

Who was Cleisthenes’ father?

A

Megacles leader of the Hill Party

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30
Q

Who did Cleisthenes fight for power with until 507BC?

A

Isagoras

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31
Q

How did Cleisthenes change the organisation of Athens?

A

He split it into ten tribes and introduced the deme.

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32
Q

How many tritties were in a tribe?

A

3

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33
Q

How many men from each tribe joined the Council of 500?

A

50 from each tribe

34
Q

How long did councilmembers serve for?

A

one year

35
Q

What is meant by sortition?

A

the political system in which citizens were chosen by lot to work as a government force

36
Q

How long was an ostracised citizen exiled for?

A

10 years

37
Q

Who probably introduced Ostracism?

A

Cleisthenes

38
Q

Did an Ostracism happen every year?

A

only if it was voted for in advance

39
Q

How many votes were required to ostracise an individual?

A

6000

40
Q

When did the first Ostracism take place in Athens?

A

487BC

41
Q

Who established the office of strategos?

A

Cleisthenes

42
Q

What official did each tribe elect annually?

A

The general (strategos)

43
Q

What body of Athenian democracy had much more power after Cleisthenes’ reforms?

A

The Ekklesia

44
Q

Who had no political rights in Athens?

A

Women, metics and slaves

45
Q

How many demes were there?

A

139

46
Q

From when could the Zeugitae become Archons?

A

457BC

47
Q

From when were Archons chosen by lot?

A

487BC

48
Q

What 3 powers did the Areopagus have stripped?

A

eisangeliai
dokimasia
euthynoi

49
Q

What cases did the Areopagus have jurisdiction of (before and after reforms?)

A

murder cases
religious cases

50
Q

Who had jurisdiction over orphans?

A

The Areopagus

51
Q

What was eisangeliai?

A

the ability to impeach magistrates

52
Q

What was dokimasia?

A

the responsibility to vet officials BEFORE they took office

53
Q

What was euthynoi?

A

the responsibility to vet officials AFTER their term

54
Q

Who reformed the Areopagus?

A

Ephialtes

55
Q

Who took the power of eisangeliai away from the Areopagus?

A

The law courts

56
Q

Who took the powers of dokimasia and euthynoi away from the Areopagus?

A

The council

57
Q

Who could become a citizen of Athens?

A

any male with two Athenian parents (born in Athens)

58
Q

When were the rights of citizienship restricted and by whom?

A

in 451BC by Pericles

59
Q

Who introduced juror pay?

A

Pericles

60
Q

How many times a year did the Assembly meet?

A

40

61
Q

How many people attended the Assembly on average?

A

6000 - could reach tens of thousands out of 30,000 estimated citizens

62
Q

Where did the Assembly meet?

A

on the Pnyx hill

63
Q

What did the Boule do?

A
  • set the agenda for the assembly
  • managed most day-to-day running of the polis
64
Q

How many men were in the prytany?

A

50

65
Q

How long did a prytany serve for?

A

35 days (or 1/10th of the year)

66
Q

Who was the chairman?

A

effectively the head of state - chosen randomly from the prytany every day to manage any meetings that would take place

67
Q

Who could accept, reject or change any proposals put forward by the council?

A

the Assembly

68
Q

By what time were the council probably paid by?

A

the late 5th century BC

69
Q

How many jurors were selected each year?

A

6000

70
Q

How were the jurors selected?

A

by lot from a pool of volunteers

71
Q

What conditions did a juror have to meet?

A
  • over 30
  • citizen
  • no criminal record
72
Q

What was the usual size of a jury?

A

201 or 501

73
Q

How many days a year did a jury most likely actually serve on?

A

less than 200 days per year

74
Q

Who had to undergo dokimasia by the Boule and lawcourts before they served?

A

magistrates

75
Q

What scrutiny did the magistrates have to undertake after their term?

A

euthyna - focusing on financial conduct

76
Q

Who was responsible for state wealth?

A

the treasurers of Athena (tamiai)

77
Q

Who was responsible for state lease sales?

A

the sellers (poletai)

78
Q

Who was responsible for receiving money payable to the polis?

A

the receivers (apodektai)

79
Q

who was responsible for checking the receiver’s work?

A

the auditors (logistai)

80
Q

Who were posted in the agora to listen to citizen complaints?

A

the examiners (euthynoi)

81
Q

Who decided whether or not citizen issues would go to court?

A

the examiners (euthynoi)

Classical Civilisation (12 decks)

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