Demography

Question 1

Reasons for the fall in birth and fertility rates

Answer 1

• Decline of the IMR in first half or 20th century
• Changing role of women; ‘Genderquake’
• Contraception- Access of pill from 60s
• Childhood is commercialised and expensive (Average cost of raising child till 21 is £227,000)
• People staying younger for longer

Question 2

Reasons for fall in death rate and rise in life expectancy

Answer 2

• Rising wages and living standards
• 19th century public health policy
• The provision of social housing for the poor
• Maternity care improvements
• Introduction of the welfare state after WW2
• Creation of the NHS in 1948

Question 3

Consequences of an ageing population

Answer 3

• More extended families living in same households
• More beanpole families
• Grandparenting (saving childcare cost)
• Women take on the burden of care in a patriarchal society
• Effects on ‘pivot’ generation
• Hirsch- Social care will be paid for by younger generations through taxes.

Question 4

Push factors influencing migrants into the UK

Answer 4

• Fleeing persecution
• Torture
• Religious repression
• Refugee (war)
• Poverty

Question 5

Pull factors influencing migrants into the UK

Answer 5

• Job opportunities in the UK
• Educational qualifications
• Join partners and families

Question 6

2011 census UK ethnic diversity satistics

Answer 6

• 86% white (80% born in UK)
• Asian (6.8%)
• Black (3.4%)
• Chinese (0.7%)
• Mixed raced (2.2%)- fastest growing ethnic group.