demography Flashcards
(20 cards)
demography
description of people
demograpy is useful for
1.analyzing and predicting population
2.societal planning
3.understanding the structure of a population
stages of demographic transition model
stage 1: low growth rate
stage 2: high growth rate
stage 3: moderate growth rate
stage 4: low growth rate
movement of persons from one place to another involving a permanent move of home for over 1 year
migration
the act of entering a foreign country to live
immigration
act of leaving a country to live in another
Emigration
a persons who moves to another country or area in order to find employment in particular seasonal or temporary work
migrant workers
effects of overpopulation
• Depletion of Natural Resources
• Increased Habitat Loss
• Loss of fresh water
• Increased Climate Change
• Less Freedom, More
Restrictions
• Elevated Crime Rates
• Rising unemployment
push factors
few services
lack of job opportunities
unhappy life
poor transport links
natural disasters
wars
shortage of food
pull factors
access to services
better job opportunities
more entertainment facilities
better transport links
improved living conditions
hope for a better way of life
family links
reasons of migration
political
economic
environmental
challenges and prospects
human trafficking
terrorism
increased racism
composition of population in terms of the proportions of individuals of different age
age structure
movement of people from ine place to live in another
migration
average number of children born to women during reproductive years (12-51)
fertility rates
frequency of occurrence of death in a defined population during a specified interval
mortality rates
to demonstrate the natural sequence of population change over time, depending on development and modernization
Demographic transition model
They believe rapid population growth is a big problem.
• They argue it leads to poverty, famine, environmental destruction, and resource depletion.
• Thomas Malthus — he warned that population would outgrow food supply.
• Modern blank worry about climate change, food shortages, and overpopulation in poor countries.
population pessimists
• They see population growth as a good thing.
• More people = more ideas, workers, and economic growth.
• They believe human innovation can solve problems like food production and energy needs.
• Example: Technological improvements like better farming methods or renewable energy are ways humans adapt.
population optimists
• They argue that population growth is not the main issue — it’s how resources are managed and distributed that matters.
• They believe political, economic, and social systems have more impact on well-being than sheer population numbers.
• In this view, a country can be prosperous with a large population or a small one, depending on good governance and fair resource use.
population neutralist
