demography Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
A model that describes the transition of a country’s population through different stages of development.
What characterizes Stage 1 of the DTM?
High birth and death rates, with slow or no population growth.
Causes include poor healthcare, limited sanitation, famine, and war.
What characterizes Stage 2 of the DTM?
High birth rate and rapidly falling death rate, leading to rapid population growth.
Causes include improvements in medicine, sanitation, water, and food supply.
What characterizes Stage 3 of the DTM?
Falling birth rate and low death rate, with slowing population growth.
Causes include family planning, urbanization, increased education (especially for women), and changing social norms.
What characterizes Stage 4 of the DTM?
Low birth and death rates, resulting in stable or slow population growth.
Causes include a stable economy, gender equality, and advanced healthcare.
What characterizes Stage 5 of the DTM?
Very low birth rate (below replacement level) and low or slightly rising death rate, leading to negative population growth.
Causes include aging population, lifestyle choices, and high costs of living.
What is a population pyramid?
A graph showing the age and sex distribution of a population.
What can population pyramids reveal?
Stage of development, future challenges, impacts of events, and gender imbalances.
What shape represents a fast-growing population in a population pyramid?
Triangle shape, typically seen in Stage 2.
What shape represents a stable population in a population pyramid?
Beehive shape, typically seen in Stage 4.
What shape represents an aging, declining population in a population pyramid?
Inverted pyramid shape, typically seen in Stage 5.
What is demography?
The study of populations, including size, structure, and trends.
What is migration?
The movement of people from one place to another.
What are internal and international migration?
Internal migration occurs within a country, while international migration crosses borders.
What are push factors?
Negative conditions that force people to leave, such as war, poverty, and unemployment.
What are pull factors?
Positive conditions that attract people to a new area, such as jobs and safety.
What are developed countries (HICs)?
High-income, industrialized countries with strong infrastructure and high HDI.
Examples include Norway and Japan.
What are developing countries (MICs/LICs)?
Mid to low income countries with growing economies and mixed development.
Examples include India and Brazil.
What are least developed countries (LDCs/MUL)?
Very low income countries with weak human assets and high vulnerability.
Examples include Niger and Haiti.
What criteria are used to classify countries?
Income level, literacy, life expectancy, and access to services.
What is GDP/GNI per capita?
Total income divided by population.
What is life expectancy?
The average number of years a person is expected to live.
What does HDI stand for?
Human Development Index, which combines income, education, and life expectancy.
What does the Gini Index measure?
Income inequality, where 0 indicates perfect equality and 100 indicates perfect inequality.
