Demography Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the birth rate?
The number of live births per 1000 people in 1 year
What is demography?
The study of the number of births, deaths and migration and how this affects the structure of the population
What is fertility rate?
How many children women (15-44) have per 1000 people in 1 year
What is death rate?
The number of deaths in a year per 1000 people
What is emigration?
The number of people to leave the UK
What is immigration?
The number of people to enter the uk
What is net migration?
The difference between immigration and emigration
Is the uk population increasing or decreasing?
Increasing - because of migration
A statistic to show migration increasing?
1950s - natural change 98%
- migration 2%
2001-2004 - migration - accounted for 2/3 of the increase in population
When were the main fluctuations of birth rates in the uk?
during ww1, during ww2
When were the ‘baby-booms’
After ww1, after ww2, the late 1980s and early 1990s
Why are birth rates low in the 21st century?
Having children became more expensive, women’s roles have changed in society, all children are likely to survive so only need to have a few
What statistics show that women tend to now have children later?
- the no of children born at 40 and over has doubled in the last 20 years
- the highest rate of fertility is found in the age group 30-34
What is life expectancy?
How long someone is expected to live.
in the uk it is 78
How has society socially constructed our view of old age?
We believe it to e the worst time period in our lives in which to live
What statistics show there are less children around now?
In 1821, 27% of the population were under 10
In 2004 only 12% of the population were under 10
What statistics show there are more old people in our population now?
In 1821 only 1% were over 80 but now in 2004 4% of the population are over 80
Why has life expectancy improved?
Improved public health, medical technology and practise, rising living standard, and better care and welfare facilities
Why is there a decline in birth rates?
Reliable birth control, economic liability (expensive), childhood seen as a special time
Negative consequences of declining birth rate?
Education; schools shut down
Economy; not enough children to fill jobs, retirement age raised
Services; maternity wards at risk of closing
Family; created the dual earner family, no family member stays at home
Positive consequences of declining birth rate?
Dependancy ratio; better for the governement
Consequences of migration in the uk?
The net migration is stopping the population from declining, is creating a more ethnically diverse society, greater diversity in family patterns
Why is migration important in the uk?
The current birth rate will not sustain our population. We need immigrant women who tend to have more children
What is estimated by 2031?
Half of the population growth will be from migration
