Demography - migration

Question 1

Immigrations

1. immigration def
2. emigration def

Answer 1

1. movement into a society
2. refers to the movement of people out

Question 2

net migration def

Answer 2

the difference between the no. of immigrants and emigrants - expressed as a net increase / decrease.

Question 3

what three things does the trade in migration affect?

Answer 3

1. population structure
2. age structure
3. dependency ratio

Question 4

Age structure

1. How does immigration directly effect age structure
2. How does immigration indirectly effect age structure

Answer 4

1. immigrats are generally younger 2011 average non UK age 31 uK age = 41
2. Being younger immigrants are more fertile - produce more child

Question 5

dependency ratio

what are the three effects ?

Answer 5

1. immigrants more likely to be working age - reducing dependency ratio
2. As they are young they have more children - increasing dependency long term
3. longer the group is settled the closer their fertility rate comes to national average reducing impact on dependency ratio

Question 6

what is globalisation?

Answer 6

barriers between societies are disappearing and people are becoming increasingly interconennected across national boundaries

Question 7

what causes globalisation?

Answer 7

communications / global media / fall of communism / expansion of EU

Question 8

What does Acceleration mean in terms of migraiton?

Answer 8

A speeding up in the rate of migration.
According to the UN 2000 - 2013 international migration increased 33%

Question 9

Diffrentiation in terms of migration

Answer 9

• Globalisaiton is increasing diversity

Question 10

pre 1900s trends in migration

Answer 10

migrants came from a narrow british colonies that would settle in homgenous concentrated communities

Question 11

What does Voertovec argue we are experiencing in migration now?

Answer 11

‘super duversity’

Question 12

what is the trend in migration now?

Answer 12

migrants come from a much wider range of countries - individuals differ in terms of their legal status - VERTOVEC - super diversity

Question 13

Feminisation of migration

Answer 13

• Globalisation of the gender division of labour → female migrants find they are fitted into patriarchal stereotypes about women’s roles as carers or sexual services

Question 14

Ehrenreich and Hochschild trends for domestic western work by migrants (4)

Answer 14

• Western women have joined labour force so less able to perform domestic labour
• Western men remain unwilling to complete domestic labour
• Failure of the state to provide for adequate childcare

Question 15

Shutes % of women adult nurses that are migrants

Answer 15

40%

Question 16

Why are migrant women needed in families?

Answer 16

s western women now are working the nannies and migrant emotional work is needed for childcare and for housework

Question 17

Migrant identities

Answer 17

For migrants their descendants / country origin provides a sense of identity
Migrants may develop hybrid identities → EADE found that second generational bangladeshi muslims created hierarchical identities - muslim first then Bengali than british.

Those with a hybrid identity may find others challenge them and accuse of not fitting in

Question 18

Transnational identities

what did ERIKSEN state ?

Answer 18

ERIKSEN - globalisation has created more diverse migration patterns, with back and forth movement of people through networks rather then settlement

• As a result migrants are less likely to see themselves belonging to a culture → instead may develop transnational identities

Question 19

What has globalised economy meant for migrants?

Answer 19

Migrants have more links to other migrants around the world = less likely to assimilate to the host culture

Question 20

policisation of migration

what is assimilationism ?

Answer 20

first state policy to approach immigration - aimed at encouraging immigrants to adopt the language, values and customs of the host culture to make them ‘like us’

Question 21

The politicisation of migration

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 21

accepts that migrants may wish to retain a separate cultural identity/ though in practice this acceptance may be limited to more superficial aspects of cultural diversity.

Question 22

Eriksen diversity

Answer 22

ERIKSEN distinguished between
Shallow diversity - e.g accepting chicken tikka masala is Britain’s national dish - acceptable to state

Deep diversity - arranged marriage / veiling of women - not acceptable to the state.

Question 23

criticism of assimilationist policies

CASTLES

Answer 23

• argues assimilationist policies are counter - productive because they mark out minority groups as culturally backward or ‘other’ → can lead to a different responding by emphasising their difference
• Increases hosts suspicion of an enemy within + may promote anti - terrorisim policies that target immigrants specifically

Question 24

criticism of assimilationist policies

Divided working class

Answer 24

assimilationist ideas may encourage workers to blame migrants for social issues resulting in racial scapegoating

Question 25

CASTLES AND KOSACK

Answer 25

this benefits capitalism by creating a racially divided working class preventing united action in defence of their interest.