Denmark

Question 1

Kanhave Canal

Answer 1

726, Samso Island, 11m / 1km
Not maintained after being built

Question 2

Danevirke renewed

Answer 2

737 (main and north rampart)
Also underwater barrier in Schlei Fjord (next to what became Hedeby)

Question 3

Ribe

Answer 3

c. 700
Symmetrical plots suggests top-down organisation

Question 4

Saxon King Widukind fled to “Sigfred king of the Danes”

Answer 4

777

Question 5

Franks conquer Saxony

Answer 5

804

Question 6

Godfred destroys Reric

Answer 6

808
Was a Slavic trading centre
Strategic trade route for Charlemagne
Moved traders to Sliesthorp, which became Hedeby (c. 811)

Question 7

Godfred has the king of the Obodrites killed

Answer 7

809

Question 8

Godfred ravishes Frisia

Answer 8

810
200 ships, Frisia pays over 100 p

Question 9

Skills of Godfred

Answer 9

• cavalry and a large fleet
• Understood value of merchants and tolls
• Public works
• capable of great feats e.g. moving the people of Reric
• clearly formidable to the Franks

Question 10

Successor of Godfred

Answer 10

his nephew Hemming

Question 11

Civil war after Hemming

Answer 11

d. 812, Sons of Godfred vs. Harald Klak and Reginfred

Question 12

Response of Frankia to civil war in Denmark

Answer 12

aggressive policy 814-840 under Louis
Repulsed in attack 815 attempting to restore Harald

Question 13

Frankish aggressive policies

Answer 13

• threatening military campaigns
• political negotiations
• supporting exiles
• extending patronage to willing Danes in return for support
• sending missionaries

Question 14

Success of Frankish attempts in Denmark?

Answer 14

• Harald Klak couldnt hold onto power even with Frankish support
• Converting Harald Klak may have been a mistake as made Danes more antagonistic towards him as a Frankish puppet

Question 15

Horik

Answer 15

Sole ruler of Denmark c. 827

Question 16

Horik and Louis the Pious

Answer 16

Louis tried to have Horik overthrown
Horik took advantage of the revolt of Louis’ sons to attack 830

Question 17

Danish attacks on Frankia

Answer 17

long Frankish coast, lots of attacking by sea

Question 18

Viking attacks on Lothar

Answer 18

840-843 when Charles the Bald and Louis the German revolted

Question 19

Frankish attempts at Conversion of Denmark

Answer 19

not very successful
845 Danish raid on Hamburg

Question 20

Crucial Danish raids

Answer 20

845 Hamburg - destroyed Anskar’s cathedral (AF)
845 Paris - 200 £ silver (ASB)

Question 21

Ninth Century Sources

Answer 21

Wulfstan - English, centres Sjælland
Othere/Otter - Norwegian, centres Jutland

Question 22

Otto’s troops don’t attack

Answer 22

968

Ordered to attack Slavs but ‘bc. a war with the Danes loomed’ Widukind

Question 23

dux of the Obodrites is murdered

Answer 23

Thrasco, 809 in Reric by the men of Godfred

Question 24

Harald Klak baptised

Answer 24

826 by Louis the Pious as his godfather

Question 25

Circular fortresses

Answer 25

c. 980: Trelleborg, Gyrkat, Aggersborg North jutland (4x larger), Odense on Fyn (Very similar so same building impetus)

Question 26

Upkeep of circular fortresses

Answer 26

No repairs, a wall on Fyrkat collapsed during construction but was never fixed

Question 27

Bridge Harald

Answer 27

Ravning Enge - 700m long, dendrochron. 978

Question 28

churches pre-Harald

Answer 28

Mid-9th century churches in Hedeby and Ribe

Question 29

Otto christianity and freedom of Danes

Answer 29

965 - letter relinquishing imperial rights over Danish dioceses

Question 30

Arhus fortifications renewed

Answer 30

957 dendrochron

Question 31

Otto dies

Answer 31

973

Question 32

Harald invades south of the Ejder

Answer 32

973

Question 33

counter attack by Otto II

Answer 33

974, captured Hedeby and the Danevirke

Question 34

Danish control in Norway

Answer 34

813 Sons of Godfred campaign in Vestfold, the 'remotest part of their empire' to restore their authority - Royal Frankish Annals

Question 35

Harald Expelled from Denmark

Answer 35

813

Question 36

Harald Klak co-ruling

Answer 36

821

Question 37

Harald Klak permanently expelled from Denmark

Answer 37

827

Question 38

Harald Klak killed as a traitor

Answer 38

852 Annals of Fulda, mentions his baptism