Dental Anomalies 1 Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
What are the different cateogories of dental anomalies?
A
- Congenital:– Genetically inherited
- Developmental:– Anomalies occur during tooth formation
- Acquired:– Anomalies occur after teeth formation
2
Q
What is congenital?
A
genetically inherited
3
Q
What is developmental?
A
anomalies occur during tooth formation
4
Q
What is acquired?
A
anomalies occur after teeth formation
5
Q
What are the different types of developmental dental abnormalities?
A
- Number of teeth:
-Supernumerary teeth
-Missing teeth - Size of teeth
-Macrodontia
-Microdontia - Eruption of teeth
-Transposition - Enamel pearl or Enameloma
- Altered morphology
-Fusion
-Gemination
-Concrescence
-Taurodontism
-Dilaceration
-Supernumerary roots
-Dens invaginatus & dens in dente
-Dense evaginatus and talon cusp
6
Q
What are acquired abnormalities?
A
1) Attrition
2) Abrasion
3) Erosion
7
Q
What is the definition of supernumerary teeth?
A
Presence of extra erupted or unerupted teeth
- also called hyperdontia
8
Q
What is the 2nd most common dental anomaly?
A
supernumerary teeth
9
Q
_____% of the population has supernumerary teeth
A
1-4%
10
Q
What is a mesiodens?
A
Supernumerary tooth in maxillary incisor region
11
Q
What is a distodens?
A
4th molar
12
Q
A supernumerary tooth may be _______ or ________ when discovered
A
- completely formed
OR - still in developmentt
13
Q
Most common single supernumerary tooth is…
A
mesiodens or distodens
1st: mesiodens
2nd: distodens
14
Q
Multiple supernumerary teeth most commonly found in _______________ region
A
mandibular premolar
15
Q
How do you view multiple unerupted supernumerary teeth on a radiograph?
A
CBCT
16
Q
How do you view an isolated supernumerary tooth on a radiograph?
A
Periapical or panoramic images
17
Q
A
mesiodens
- supernumerary tooth
18
Q
A
distodens
- supernumerary tooth
19
Q
A
supernumerary teeth
20
Q
A
supernumerary teeth
21
Q
Is the tooth lingual or buccal to #8/#9?
Tube was moved to the distal
Mesiodens followed the same direction
A
Tube was moved to the distal
Mesiodens followed the same direction
SLOB
- mesiodens is lingual
22
Q
What are the top differential diagnoses for supernumerary teeth?
A
- Cleidocranial dysplasia
- Gardner syndrome
23
Q
What are the symptoms of cleidocranial dysplasia?
A
- Absent or hypoplastic clavicles
- High palate, cleft palate
- Open cranial sutures
- Hypoplastic paranasal sinuses
- Mandibular prognathism
- Multiple unerupted supernumerary teeth
24
Q
What do these radiographs show?
A
Cleidocrainial dysplasia
25
What is this showing?
hypoplastic clavicles
- cleidocranial dysplasia
26
What is this showing?
* Open cranial sutures
* Hypoplastic paranasal sinuses
- cleidocranial dysplasia
27
What is this showing?
* Mandibular prognathism
* Open cranial sutures
* Supernumerary teeth in mandible
28
What syndrome is most likely based on this radiograph?
cleidocranial dysplasia
29
What are the symptoms of gardner syndrome?
* Osteomas
* Epidermoid cysts of skin
* Multiple supernumerary teeth
* Colorectal polyps with malignant potential
| *always refer to physician*
30
What is this showing?
osteoma
- benign tumor of bone
31
What is the treatment of supernumerary teeth?
Conservative or removal of supernumerary teeth to reduce likelihood of complications, such as:
- Resorption of adjacent teeth
- Periodontal problems
- Crowding, malocclusion
- Development of pathology (e.g., dentigerous cyst)
32
What is missing teeth/hypodontia?
Absence of erupted tooth or dental follicle without history of extraction
33
Most commonly missing teeth are...
third molars > mandibular second premolars > maxillary lateral and mandibular central incisors
34
Excluding third molars absence, hypodontia it affects ______% of the population
3-10%
35
What is anodontia definition?
Total lack of development of teeth
36
What is hypodontia definition?
Lack of development of 1 or more teeth
37
What is oligodontia definition?
Lack of development of 6 or more teeth (excluding third molars)
38
What is the etiology of hypodontia?
* Absence of dental lamina
* Environmental factors that may damage dental lamina prior to tooth formation
– Trauma
– Infection
– Radiation, chemotherapy, combo (has to happen while tooth is forming)
* Genetics
39
What is the top differential diagnosis for hypodontia?
ectodermal dysplasia
40
What is ectodermal dysplasia?
* Decreased number of sweat glands
* Sparse hair, eyelashes, eyebrows
* Dystrophic or malformed nails
* Hypodontia with abnormal crown shape in teeth that are present
41
What is shown here? (no extractions)
ectodermal dysplasia
- hypodontia
42
What syndome is this?
ectodermal dysplasia
43
What is macrodontia?
- Larger than normal tooth, seeing clinically or radiographically
44
How many teeth does macrodontia typically involve?
typically affects a single tooth
45
What might be associated with macrodontia?
crowding and malocclusion
46
How does macrodontia affect tooth shape?
shape of tooth is usually normal
47
What tooth has macrodontia?
HUGE 2nd premolar
48
What is microdontia?
- Smaller than normal tooth, seeing clinically or radiographically.
49
How many teeth does microdontia involve?
- Might involve all teeth, single tooth or a group of teeth
50
What teeth are usually affected by microdontia?
third molars and maxillary lateral incisors
51
What is the treatment for microdontia?
restorative if needed
52
What does this show?
microdontia
- peg lateral
53
What does this show?
microdontia
54
What is transposition?
condition in which two typically adjacent teeth have exchanged positions in the dental arch
55
What are the most frequently transposed teeth?
permanent canine and the first premolar
56
True/False: transposition in the primary dentition is impossible
False, however Transposition in the primary dentition has not been reported
57
What teeth have been transpositioned?
58
What is an enamel pearl?
Is a small formation of enamel 1 to 3 mm in diameter that occurs on the roots of molars
59
Enamel pearls are found in about __% of the population
3%
60
What is shown here?
enamel pearl
61
Most enamel pearls form ________ to the gingival crest, and are not detected during a clinical examination
apical
62
Where do enamel pearls typically form?
furcal areas of molar teeth, often lying at or just apical to the cementoenamel junction
63
What is the problem with enamel pearls?
May predispose to formation of a periodontal pocket and subsequent periodontal disease
64
What is the differential diagnosis for enamel pearls?
calculus
65
How do you manage enamel pearls?
Removal if it is a risk factor to periodontal disease. The possibility must always be considered that it may contain a pulp horn.
66
What is fusion?
the union of adjacent tooth germs of developing teeth
67
Fusion results in a _________ number of teeth in thearch
reduced
68
Is fusion more common in the deciduous dentition or permanent dentition?
more common in deciduous
69
Is fusion more common in the anterior or posterior?
anterior
70
What is the differential interpretation for fusion?
gemination
71
What is the difference between fusion and gemination?
fusion may be differentiated from
gemination when the number of teeth is reduced by one
72
What is the managment for fusion?
* Conservative
* RCT + restorative
73
fusion
74
gemination
75
What is gemination?
Arises when a single tooth bud attempts to divide. The result may be an invagination of the crown with partial clefting.
76
What type of teeth are more likely to have gemination?
May occur in both the deciduous and the permanent dentitions. Primary teeth are more often affected, usually in the incisor region.
77
What does the pulp look like of a tooth with gemination?
The pulp chamber is usually single and enlarged, and may be partially divided
78
What is the differential diagnosis for gemination?
– Macrodontia
– Fusion
79
How do you manage gemination?
– Restorative
---The cleft is a carious susceptible site
– Extraction only when needed
80
gemination
81
What is concrescence?
Occurs when the roots of two or more primary or permanent teeth are fused through cementum.
82
What are the teeth most likely to have concrescence?
Maxillary molars are the teeth mostly affected, especially a third molar and a supernumerary tooth.
83
What is the cause of concrescence?
Cause is unknown → space restriction during development, local trauma, excessive occlusal force, or local infection after development.
84
How does concrescense impact eruption?
involved teeth may fail to erupt or may erupt incompletely
85
An imaging examination may not always reveal concrescence because...
teeth may be in close contact or are simply superimposed → small FOV CBCT
86
What is taurodontism?
Elongation of pulp chamber in multirooted tooth with apical displacement of pulpal floor
87
Does taurodontism affect primary or permanent dentition?
Affects primary or permanent dentitions
88
How many teeth are affected by taurodontism?
Single or multiple teeth may show
89
How to detect taurodontism?
Cannot be detected clinically, only radiographically.
90
What does taurodontism look like radiographically?
- elongated pulp chamber
- more apically positioned furcation
- Short roots
91
What does this show?
taurodontism
92
What is the differential interpretation of taurodontism?
none
The image of the taurodont tooth is characteristic and easily recognized on imaging
93
What is the management of taurodontism?
No treatment needed
94
What is dilaceration?
sharp bend or curve in the tooth anywhere in the crown or the root
95
What tooth is most often affected by dilaceration?
maxillary premolars
96
What does this show?
dilaceration
97
What are supernumerary roots?
Increased number of roots compared to usual anatomic number
98
What teeth are affected by supernumerary roots?
May affect any tooth
99
How do supernumerary roots develop?
Extra roots may be fully developed or smaller than normal
100
Presence of supernumerary roots may affect treatment of...
- Orthodontics, endodontics, extractions.
- GREAT prosthodontic abutments
101
Radix entomolaris is extra _______ root on mandibular molars
lingual
102
Radix paramolaris is extra _______ root on mandibularmolars
buccal
103
What does this show?
supernumerary roots
104
What is dens invaginatus and dens in dente?
Represent varying degrees of invagination or infolding of the enamel surface into the interior of tooth.
105
What tooth is most commonly affected by dens invaginatus and dens in dente?
Maxillary lateral incisor
106
What teeth is dens invaginatus and dens in dente rare in?
deciduous dentition and mandibular teeth
107
Treatment for dens invaginatus and dens in dente?
If high caries risk --> prophylactic restoration
108
What does this show?
dens invaginatus and dens in dente
109
What does this show?
dens invaginatus and dens in dente
110
What are the different types dens invaginatus and dens in dente?
111
What is dens evaginatus and talon cusp?
the result of an evagination or outpouching of the enamel organ
112
Where does dens evaginatus and talon cusp usually occur?
resultant enamel-covered tubercle usually occurs in or near the middle of the occlusal or incisal surface of tooth
113
What is the core of a dens evaginatus and talon cusp made of?
The tubercle often has a dentin core, and a very slender pulp horn frequently extends into the evagination.
114
What does this show?
dens evaginatus and talon cusp
115
If the tubercle (talon cusp) causes any ________________ or shows evidence of marked abrasion, it probably should be removed under aseptic conditions
occlusal interference
