Dental Anomalies Flashcards by Maria Zepeda

deviation from normal, usually related to embryonic development that may result in the absence, excess, or deformity of body parts.

Does not mean abnormal

Anomaly

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A genetic extremly disorder assocates wirh ectodermal dysplasia. Normally has associated abornmalities. Missing Teeth. Permanent or primary teeth.

Anodontia

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What are the 3 types of adodontia?

Complete Adodontia (no teeth at all)
Hypodontia (abcesses of 1-6 teeth)
Oligodontia ( abscess of 6+ teeth)

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Adodontia is assocated with what?

Ectodermal Dysplasia (miss formation of ectoderm; bad skin, nerve, teeth)

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Total anodontia (no teeth at all)

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Total congenital abscense of a set of teeth Primary or secondary dentition. Rare
* Sex-linked genetic trait

Total anodontia

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Ectodermal dysplasia reslts in what?

Development of ectoderm (outer embryonic cell layer) Affects:
* Hair, nails, sebaceous & sweat glands (cant sweat), salivary glands

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Congenitally missing 1-6 teeth, may not be herediatry but commonly runs in famuly, radiograph required to assure missing teeth are acutally not there

partial anodontia

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Which is the most commonly missing permanent tooth?

Maxillary 3rd molars

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Partial anodontia

Which is the 2nd most commonly missing permanent teeth?

Max Lateral Incisors

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Partial anodontia

Which is the third most frequently missing permanent teeth?

Mandibular 2nd PM

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Partial anodontia

Which teeth are the LEAST likely to be absent from the dentition?

Canines! Stable, always there!

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Partial anodontia

Wide space in between canine and central?
Narrow space between canine and central?

Wide space= extracted lateral
Narrow space= missing lateral

always confirm with x-ray

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Partial anodontia

What are 2 other teeth that can somtimes be missing?

Primary mandibular incisors
Permanent mandibular central incisors

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Extra teeth

Supernumerary teeth
* all diffrent shape and sizes

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3 most common location for supernumerary teeth

Maxillary Incisor Area
Third Molar Area
Mandibular Premolar Area

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A small supernumerary tooth that is found bewteen central incisors.
* At maxillary midlines
* Conse shaped
* Short root
* May or may not be visible in oral cavity; uneruped cause diastema btwn centrals

Mesioden

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Where is it less frequent to have a supernumerary tooth?

Btwn lateral and canine

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Mesioden

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an unerupted mesioden can causes what?

A diastema btwn centrals

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Molar form mesioden

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Supernumerary teeth distal to third molars
* More common in maxillary arch, can occur in mandible
* Rarely erupt
* Usually discovered through radiographs

Distomolars; para molar; 4th molars

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Where is the most common location for mandibular supernumerary teeth?
Look like what?

between the first and second premolar regions.
Generally resemble normal premolars in size and shape

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Supernumery tooth in the mandible

Where else can you have supernumery teeth in the mandible?

In bewteen central incisor areas | 3 seperate roots

# Abnormal Crown Morphology Which third molars have the most variable crown shape of all permanent teeth, followed by which other thirds? * Small peg shaped crown * multi cupsts * malformed vesrion of 1st or 2nd molar

1. Maxillary 3rd molars are most odd 2. Followed by mandible

What are the 6 abnormal tooth morphology?

1. Abnormal Crown Morphology 2. Abnormal Root Morphology 3. Anomalies in tooth Position 4. Additional Developmental Malformations 5. Reactions to Injury after Eruption 6. Unusual Dentitions.

# Abnormal Crown Morphology * The **most common anomaly in tooth shap**e in anterior region of the permanent dentition. * 1-2% of population * Tooth is conical tapers cervically, blunt point * 1 lobe

Peg shaped Max Lateral

Peg Shaped Lateral Incsiors

Extremely rare

Peg shaped centrals

# Abnormal Crown Morphology from the **splitting (or twinning) of a single** forming tooth. * Tooth division is incomplete * Double in width, notched * single root, common pulp canal * More in primary * Most common in max incisors & cannines

Gemination or Twinning: | 1 root 2 teeth, more teeth in arch

? What do you specifically call each?

Gernination! * 4th molar * 5th incsiors

**The union of two adjacent tooth germs, always involving the dentin.** * Common in anteriors * Primary more common * Mandibular incisor area > Maxillary.

Fusion | 2 teeth 2 roots, same number off teeth in arch

What does the radiograph of fusion abnormality look like?

2 seperate but fused roots with seperate pulp chambers.

What is left what is right?

Left is germination (2 teeth split from 1, 1 root) Right is fusion (2 teeth joined to make 1, 2 roots)

What does this show?

Fusion of 4th molar to 3rd molar

# Abnormal Crown Morphology What dos this show?

Fusion of mesioden to incsiors

# Abnormal Crown Morphology Germ or fusion?

Germination, central is splitting | 5 teeth!

# Abnormal Crown Morphology Germ or fusion?

Germination, splitting of teeth | 6 teeth

# Abnormal Crown Morphology Maxillary and mandibular incisor- may be **screwdriver shaped, broad cervically and narrowing incisally, with a notched incisal edge.**

Hutchinsons Incisors

# Abnormal Crown Morphology In pt. with congentital syphyllis what is common?

Hutchinson’s Incisors and Mulberry Molars

Lots of tuberlces on molars and pits.

Mulbery Molars

Hutchinsons Incisors

Compare

* Top is hutchinsons * Lower is fusion (longer line)

**History / PE: Early manifestations** Hepatosplenomegaly (spleen/liver enlargmnet) Cutaneous lesions on palms/soles Jaundice/anemia Rhinorrhea (runny nose)

Congenital Syphyllis | Mom had it passe on to kid through womb or birth canal

What are clinical manifesation of untreated congenital syphilis?

* Frontal bossing (bulge on facial) * Hutchinson teeth * Saddle nose (flat nose) * Perioral fissures (cracks around mouth)

An increase in volume of tissue **increase in cell numbers**

Hyperplasia

Increase in cell size

Hypertorphy

As a result of developmental localized hyperplasia, from fusion of supernumerary tooth

Acessory enamel projections

extra **midlingual cusp on mandibular molar**

Tuberculum Intermedium | In the middle

if this extra cusp on the d**istal marginal ridge.**

Tuberculum Sextum | On the edge

A small projection on the **lingual surface** of maxillary or mandibular anterior permanent teeth.

Talon Cusp

very small, but normally shaped teeth | Crown or root

Microdontia

**very large, but normally shaped teeth** may occur as a single tooth, several teeth, or all teeth in a dentition. | Crown or root

Macrodontia

*Not a true anomaly* A trait reflecting **biologic differences between races**. * Occur most frequently in Asian, Mongoloid, Arctic, and Native American populations.

Shovel Shaped Teeth In max incisors **pits & decay common** | Lingual scoop

Often found near frucation of wisdom teeth. Hard to clean.

Enamel Pearls

**bull or prism teeth** * Long Pulp Chamber * No Constriction of tooth at CEJ * Only permanent teeth * Caused by disorganization of the calcified tissues and possibly occurs in dentitions subjected to heavy use.

Taurodontia

Heavy wear on the occlsuion can result in what?

Wide CEJ

Severe bend or angular distortion of a tooth root.

Dilaceration

A developmental anomaly resulting from **invagination of the enamel organ** within the crown of a tooth.

**Dens in Dente**; tooth within a tooth

* Superficial fusion or growing together of only the cementum of two adjacent tooth roots. * Occurs after eruption due to close proximity of roots + **excessive cementum depostion** * Maxillary molar regions

Concrescence

Tiny Short roots.

Dwarfed Roots

**thickening of cementum** * Excessive formation of cementum after the tooth has erupted. * Caused by trauma, metabolic dysfunction, or periapical inflammation. * Excess cementum may actually form a thin layer connecting adjacent roots, similar to “webbed duck”.

Hypercementosis | Thick Cementum

Hypercementosis

Extra roots

Acessory Roots

Misplaced teeth

Malpositioned Teeth

Initiated by an infection or trauma to the periodontal ligament, resulting in the **loss of its periodontal ligament space** so the tooth **root is truly fused to the alveolar process or bone.**

Ankylosis

What can obliterate the PDL?

Hard Tooth Occlusion

may be hereditary (as with amelogenesis imperfecta) or could result from

Enamel Dysplasia

What are **systemic causes** of enamel dysplasia

* High fever * Nutrutional Defeciency * Excess amount of flouride

What are **local disturbances** of enamel dysplasia

* trauma * periapical infection

What can enamel dyslplasia causes in tooth?

**Variation in tooth color**, from white to yellow and brown) or **variations in morphology **(such as pitting or roughened enamel) can result.

Abnormal enamel formation

Amelogenisis Imperfecta

Too much fluoride during tooth fomation

Flurosis

Dysplasia due to high fever

Enamel Damage

Incomplete development of the enamel

Enamel Hypoplasia

Faulty Dentin formation, hereditary. Dark, generalized

Dentogenisis Imperfecta

**Specific location of enamel growth**, tertiary enamel growth from decay from primary tooth that travled down into the roots and affected the enamel of the permanent tooth

Focal Enamel Hypoplasia ; turners tooth (dot)