Dental Anomalies

Question 1

hypodontia prevelence in primary dentition

Answer 1

0.1-0.9%

Question 2

hypodontia prevalence in permanent dentition

Answer 2

3.5-6.5%

Question 3

conditions associated with hypodontia

Answer 3

ectodermal dysplasia
Down syndrome
cleft palate
Ellis Van Creveld syndrome
hurler’s syndrome
incontinentia pigmentii

Question 4

Upper lateral incisor missing - possible consequence

Answer 4

over eruption of lower canine

Question 5

Aims of hypodontia treatment

Answer 5

prevention
aesthetics
function

Question 6

hypodontia problems

Answer 6

abnormal shape
abnormal form
spacing
infra occlusion
deep overbite
reduced LFH

Question 7

hypodontia solutions

Answer 7

over denture
partial denture
composite
porcelain veneers
fixed prosthesis

Question 8

prevalence of hypodontia

Answer 8

1.5-3.5%
males:females 2:1
more common in maxilla
higher frequency in Japanese
higher frequency in cleidocranial dysplasia

Question 9

types of supernumerary

Answer 9

conical
- cone shaped
tuberculate
- barrel shaped
supplemental
- looks like tooth of normal series
odontome
- regular mass of dental hard tissue, compound or complex

Question 10

Following removal of a supernumerary tooth, how long should you wait to allow the permanent tooth to erupt ?

Answer 10

18 months

Question 11

anomalies of size and shape - types

Answer 11

microdontia
Microdontia
double teeth
odontomes
- complex or compound
taurodontism
- 6.3% in uK - flame shaped pulp
dilaceration
accessory cusps e.g. talon cusps

Question 12

how are talon cusps removed?

Answer 12

selective grinding

Question 13

anomalies of root structure examples

Answer 13

short root anomaly
- permanent maxillary incisors
radiotherapy
accessory roots

Question 14

what is ameliogenesis imperfecta? name the types of ameliogenesis imperfecta

Answer 14

genetic enamel anomaly
affects all teeth within dentition
thin to no enamel, normal dentine and pulp
types:
hypoplastic
hypomaturational
hypocalcified
mixed forms

Question 15

What is taurodontism?

Answer 15

vertically elongated pulp chamber and short roots
linked to type 4 ameleogenesis imperfecta

Question 16

environmental enamel hypoplasia aetiology

Answer 16

systemic
nutritional
metabolic e.g. liver disease
infection e.g. measles

Question 17

localised enamel hypoplasia aetiology

Answer 17

trauma
infection of primary tooth

Question 18

what is dilaceration?

Answer 18

an abnormal bend in the root
usually due to traumatic injury to primary tooth

Question 19

localised enamel hypoplasia - questions to ask patient/parent

Answer 19

• trauma to primary tooth
  or
• infection in primary tooth

Question 20

generalised enamel defects - types

Answer 20

fluorosis
MIH

Question 21

fluorosis treatment

Answer 21

micro-abrasion
veneers
vital bleaching

Question 22

MIH cause

Answer 22

associated with childhood illness or chronological hypo-mineralisation e.g liver or kidney failure

Question 23

prenatal issues linked to generalised environmental enamel defects

Answer 23

rubella
congenital syphillis
thalidomide
fluoride
maternal A nd D deficiency
cardiac and kidney disease

Question 24

neonatal issues linked to generalised environmental enamel defects

Answer 24

prematurity
meningitis

Question 25

postnatal issues linked to generalised environmental enamel defects

Answer 25

otitis media measles chickenpox TB pneumonia A, C and D deficiency long term health problems heart disease diphtheria

Question 26

amelogenesis imperfecta - types

Answer 26

hypoplastic hypocalcified hypomaturational mixed forms

Question 27

environmental enamel hypoplasia - causes

Answer 27

systemic nutritional metabolic infection - e.g. measles

Question 28

localised enamel hypoplasia - cause

Answer 28

trauma infection of primary tooth

Question 29

ameliogenesis imperfecta problems

Answer 29

sensitivity caries/acid susceptibility poor aesthetics poor OH - may be sensitive brushing teeth delayed eruption anterior open bite

Question 30

amelogenesis imperfecta diagnosis

Answer 30

family history generally affects both dentitions affects all teeth tooth size, structure, colour radiographs

Question 31

amelogenisis imperfecta - hypoplastic type

Answer 31

enamel crystals do not grow to the correct length

Question 32

amelogenesis imperfecta - hypominerilised type

Answer 32

crystallites fail to grow in thickness and width

Question 33

hypomaturational amelogenesis imperfecta

Answer 33

enamel crystals grow incompletely in thickness or width but to normal length with incomplete mineralisation

Question 34

amelogenesis imperfecta - solutions

Answer 34

preventative therapy composite veneers fissure sealants metal inlays stainless steel crowns orthodontics

Question 35

dentine dysplasia features

Answer 35

normal crown morphology amber radiolucency short constricted roots pulpal obliteration

Question 36

What is dentinogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 36

a genetic disorder of tooth development affecting dentine

Question 37

dentinogenesis imperfecta - types

Answer 37

type 1 - osteogenesis imperfecta type 2 - autosomal dominant Brandywine

Question 38

dentinogenesis imperfecta - features

Answer 38

bulbous crowns pulpal obliteration (initially large pulps) - abscess formation short roots

Question 39

dentinogenesis imperfecta problems

Answer 39

aesthetic acid susceptibility spontaneous abscess

Question 40

dentinogenesis imperfecta - solutions

Answer 40

prevention composite veneers over dentures removable prostheses stainless steel crowns

Question 41

neo-natal teeth are--

Answer 41

teeth that are present within 8 weeks of birth

Question 42

indications for extracting Neo natal teeth

Answer 42

- poses aspiration risk - causes issues breastfeeding

Question 43

delayed exfoliation - potential causes

Answer 43

infra-occlusion double primary teeth hypodontia ectopic permanent successors trauma