Dental Anomalies Part I Flashcards by Olivia Bellantoni

what are the classifications of dental anomalies

congenital
developmental
acquired

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what are congenital dental anomalies

genetically inherited anomalies

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what are developmental anomalies

anomalies occur during tooth formation

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what are acquired anomalies

anomalies occur after teeth formation

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what are the types of developmental abnormalities

number of teeth
size of teeth
eruption of teeth
enamel pearly or enameloma
altered morphology

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what are the acquired abnormalities

attrition
abrasion
erosion

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what are supernumerary teeth and what is another name for it

presence of extra erupted or unerupted teeth
AKA hyperdontia

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what is the prevalence of supernumerary teeth

2nd most common dental anomaly
- 1-4% of population

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what are mesodens

supernumerary tooth in the maxillary incisor region

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what are distodens or distomolar

supernumerary 4th molar

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what is the most common single supernumerary tooth

mesiodens or distodens

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where are mutliple supernumerary teeth most commonly found

in the mandibular premolar region

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what radiographic images are taken for isolated supernumerary teeth

periapical or panoramic images

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what radiographic images are needed for mulitple unerupted supernumeraries

CBCT

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what are the top differential dx for supernumerary teeth

cleidocranial dysplasia
gardner syndrome

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describe cleidocranial dysplasia

absent or hypoplastic clavicles
high palate, cleft palate
open cranial sutures
hypoplastic paranasal sinuses
mandibular prognathism
multiple unerupted supernumerary teeth

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describe gardner syndrome

osteomas
epidermoid cyst of skin
multiple supernumerary teeth
colorectal polyps with malignant potential

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what is the treatment for supernumerary teeth

conservative or removal of supernumerary teeth to reduce likelihood of complications such as:
-resorption of adjacent teeth
- crownding, malocclusion
- periodontal problems
- development of pathology

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what is the definition of missing teeth or hypodontia

absence of erupted tooth or dental follicle without history of extraction

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what are the most commonly missing teeth

third molars > mandibular second premolars > maxillary lateral and mandibular central incisors

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excluding third molars absence what percentage of the population is affected by missing teeth or hypodontia

3%- 10% of the population

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what is hypodontia

lack of development of 1 or more teeth

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what is anodontia

total lack of development of teeth

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what is oligodontia

lack of development of 6 or more teeth excluding third molars

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what is the etiology of missing teeth

- absence of dental lamina - environmental factors - genetics

what are the environmental factors that may damage dental lamina prior to tooth formation

- trauma - infection - radiation, chemotherapy, or combined treatment

what is the main differential dx for missing teeth

ectodermal dysplasia

what is ectodermal dysplasia

- decreased number of sweat glands - sparse hair, eyelashes, eyebrows - dystrophic or malformed nails - hypodontia with abnormal crown shape in teeth that are present

describe macrodontia

- larger than normal tooth seen clinically or radiographically - often affects a single tooth - may be associated with crowding and malocclusion - the shape of the tooth is usually normal

describe microdontia and what is the tx

- smaller than normal tooth seen clinically or radiographically - might involve all teeth, single tooth or a group of teeth - usually affects third molars and maxillary lateral incisors - treatment: restorative if neeeded

what is transposition

the condition in which two typically adjacent teeth have exchanged positions in the dental arch

what are the most common transposed teeth

the permanent canines and the first premolar

is there transposition in the primary dentition

what is enameloma or an enamel pearl

a small formation of enamel 1-3mm in diameter that occurs on the roots of molars

what is the occurence of enameloma or enamel pearl

3% of the population

where do most enamel pearls form

- apical to the gingival crest - typically develop in the furcal areas of molar teeth, often lying at or just apical to the CEJ

are enamel pearls detected during a clinical exam

what can enameloma/enamel pearl predispose to

formation of a periodontal pocket and subsequent periodontal disease

what is the differential dx for enameloma or enamel pearl

calculus

what is the management of enameloma/ enamel pearl

removal if it is a risk factor to periodontal disease. the possibility must always be considered that it may contain a pulp horn

what is fusion

results from the union of adjacent tooth germs of developing teeth

fusion results in:

a reduced number of teeth in the arch

what dentition is fusion more common in

primary

what area of the mouth is fusion most common

anterior teeth

what is the differential interpretation of fusion and how is it differentiated

gemination: fusion may be differentiated from gemination when the number of teeth is reduced by one

what is the management of fusion

- conservative - RCT + restorative

what is gemination

arises when a single tooth bud attempts to divide - result may be an invagination of the crown with partial clefting

what dentition does gemination occur in and which is more common

- both - more common in primary teeth

what part of the mouth does gemination occur

incisor region

what is the imaging feature of gemination

the pulp chamber is usually single and enlarged and may be partially divided

what is the differential dx for gemination

- macrodontia - fusion

what is the management of gemination

- restorative: the clef is a carious susceptible site - extraction only when needed

what is concrescence

- occurs when the roots of two or more primary or permanent teeth are fused through cementum

what are the possible causes of concrescence

- space restriction during development - local trauma - excessive occlusal force - local infection after development

what teeth are most affected in concrescence

maxillary molars- especially third molars or a supernumerary tooth

what is the fate of teeth with concrescence

may fail to erupt or may erupt incompletely

how is concrescence in teeth imaged

- small FOV CBCT

what is taurodontism

elongation of pulp chamber in multirooted tooth with apical displacement of pulpal floor

what dentition is affected in taurodontism

both

how many teeth can show taurodontist

single or multiple teeth

how can taurodontism be detected

only radiographiclly, NOT clinically

how does taurodontism appear radiographically

elongated pulp chamber and the more apically positioned furcation - short roots

what is the differential interpretation for taurodontism

none

what is the management of taurodontism

none

what is dilaceration

sharp bend or curve in the tooth anywhere in the crown or root

where is dilaceration most commonly seen

maxillary premolars

what are supernumerary roots

increased number of roots compared to usual anatomic number

what is radix entomolaris

extra lingual root on mandibular molars

what is radix paramolaris

extra buccal root on mandibular molars

what teeth can be affected with supernumerary roots

any tooth

what treatments can the presence of supernumerary roots affect

- ortho - endo - extractions - but they are great prosth abutments

what are dens invaginatus and dens in dente

represent varying degrees of invagination or infolding of the enamel surface into the interior of the tooth

what tooth is most commonly affected by dens invaginatus and dens in dente

maxillary lateral incisor

where are dens invaginatus and dens in dente rate

in deciduous dentition and mandibular teeth

what are teeth with dens invaginatus and dens in dente at high risk for

caries so do prophylactic restoration

what is dens evaginatus and talon cusp caused by

evagination or outpouching of the enamel organ

where does the resultant enamel covered tubercle in dens evaginatus and talon cusp occur

in or near the middle of the occlusal or incisal surface of tooth

what is the tubercle composed of in dens evaginatus and talon cusp

a dentin core and a very slender pulp horn frequently extending into the evagination

when would dens evaginatus and talon cusp be removed

if the tubercle causes any occlusal interference or shows evidence of marked abrasion

Dental Anomalies Part I Flashcards

(80 cards)