Dental cements (Ch 14)

Question 1

when are dental cements used in dentistry

Answer 1

• cavity varnish: closes tubules and decreases microleakage, used under amalgam only
• liners: placed in a thin layer, stimulates reparative dentin, for very small pulp exposure, eg calcium hydroxide = ducal
• bases: placed in a thick layer, protects against chemical, thermal, physical irritation

Question 2

what is luting

Answer 2

• refers to the cementing of 2 components together

- ex. inlays, crown and bridge, veneers, orthodontic brackets and bands

Question 3

what are luting agents for

Answer 3

• temporary crown and bridge
• permanent crown and bridge
• attach orthodontic bands and brackets to enamel

Question 4

what are surgical dressings

Answer 4

• provides protection and support for surgical sites, provide patient comfort and control bleeding

Question 5

what are type 1 luting agents

Answer 5

• act as an adhesive to hold together the casting to the tooth structure
• luting agents are designed to be either permanent or temporary

Question 6

what is permanent luting cement

Answer 6

• for the long-term cementation of gold and ceramic restorations such as inlays/onlays, crowns, bridges, veneers, orthodontic fixed appliances

Question 7

what is temporary luting cement

Answer 7

• temporary cements are used if the restoration would have to be removed due to sensitivity or other symptoms, and for the temporary cementation of provisional coverage

Question 8

review properties of dental cements in the ppt

Answer 8

• slides 11 and 12

Question 9

what are 6 commonly used cements

Answer 9

• zinc-oxide eugenol
• zinc phosphate
• zinc polycarboxylate
• glass ionomer
• hybrid ionomer
• composite resin

Question 10

what are some advantages to zinc oxide eugenol

Answer 10

• wide variety of uses: for temp cementation, for temp and immediate rest, low strength bases, root canal sealants, perio dressings
• sedative to the pulp
• easily manipulates

Question 11

what are some disadvantages to zinc oxide eugenol

Answer 11

• low strength

- high solubility

Question 12

what are the 2 types of zinc oxide eugenol

Answer 12

• type I: lacks strength and long‑term durability and is used for temporary cementation of provisional coverage
• type II: has reinforcing agents added for the permanent cementation of cast restorations or appliances

Question 13

what is zinc phosphate

Answer 13

• acid-base reaction
• made of zinc oxide
• power/liquid system
• exothermic reaction (chemical reaction) occurs. mixing of powder & liquid is done in increments to control heat

Question 14

what are the two different types of zinc phosphate

Answer 14

• fine grain: used for the permanent cementation of cast restorations such as crowns, inlays, onlays, and bridges. this material creates the very thin film layer necessary for accurate seating of castings
• medium grain: recommended for use as an insulating base for deep cavity preparations

Question 15

what are some advantages of zinc phosphate

Answer 15

1. long clinical history
2. low film thickness
3. inexpensive
4. high rigidity

Question 16

what are some disadvantages of zinc phosphate

Answer 16

1. initial pulp irritation
2. mechanical bond only
3. technique-sensitive mixing
4. relatively high solubility

Question 17

what is zinc polycarboxylate cement and what is it used for

Answer 17

• permanent cement for cast restorations, stainless steel crowns, and orthodontic bands
• as a nonirritating base under both composite or amalgam restorations
• as an intermediate restoration

Question 18

what are some advantages of zinc polycarboxylate

Answer 18

1. bonds directly to tooth structures
2. nonirritating to the pulp
3. inexpensive

Question 19

what are some disadvantages of zinc polycarboxylate

Answer 19

1. higher solubility
2. lower strength
3. shorter working time

Question 20

what are glass ionomers

Answer 20

• chemically bond to tooth structure
• release and replenish fluoride
• contain aluminum fluorosilicate glass
• powder/liquid or capsules (triturate)

Question 21

what are the 3 different types of glass ionomers

Answer 21

• type: 1 for the cementation of metal restorations and direct‑bonded orthodontic brackets
• type II: designed for restoring areas of erosion near the gingiva
• type III: used as liners and dentin bonding agents

Question 22

what are some benefits of glass ionomers

Answer 22

• powder is an acid‑soluble calcium. the slow release of fluoride from this powder aids in inhibiting recurrent decay
• causes less trauma or shock to the pulp than many other types of cements
• low solubility in the mouth
• adheres to a slightly moist tooth surface
• has a very thin film thickness, which is excellent for seating ease

Question 23

what forms does glass ionomer come in

Answer 23

• powder/liquid: mixed manually on a paper pad or a cool, dry glass slab. glass slab increases the working time of the cement
• premeasured capsules: triturated and expressed through a dispenser

Question 24

what are some advantages to glass ionomers

Answer 24

1. chemical adhesion to tooth
2. fluoride release
3. easy to mix
4. moderate strength

Question 25

what are some disadvantages to glass ionomers

Answer 25

1. history of postoperative sensitivity | 2. moisture sensitive during setting

Question 26

what are some advantages to hybrid ionomer cements

Answer 26

1. good strength 2. fluoride release 3. insoluble 4. chemical adhesion to tooth 5. less postoperative sensitivity 6. excellent film thickness

Question 27

what are some disadvantages to hybrid ionomer cements

Answer 27

1. not recommended for all ceramic restorations

Question 28

what is composite resin cement and when is it used

Answer 28

- cementation of ceramic or resin inlays and onlays - cementation of ceramic veneers - cementation of orthodontic bands - direct bonding of orthodontic brackets - cementation of all metal castings

Question 29

what forms does composite resin come in

Answer 29

- powder and liquid mix - syringe-type applicator - base and catalyst - light cure/dual cure system: recommended portions of either application are dispensed onto a paper pad and mixed rapidly with a spatula

Question 30

what are some advantages to resin-based cements

Answer 30

1. high strength 2. insoluble 3. low wear 4. excellent bond 5. aesthetic shades available

Question 31

what are some disadvantages to resin-based cements

Answer 31

1. requires additional steps in the bonding procedure 2. requires additional steps in preparation of internal restoration surfaces 3. removal of excess cement may be difficult

Question 32

what is the cement removal process like

Answer 32

- operator preparedness and knowledge - instruments selected for the procedure: - explorer, mouth mirror, excavator - use a fulcrum - use knotted dental floss in and around the embrasure areas

Question 33

read 'removal of excess cement'

Answer 33

- slide 34 in ppt

Question 34

what do surgical dressing for gingival grafts provide

Answer 34

- protection - support for the surgical site - patient comfort - helps in the control of bleeding

Question 35

what is the criteria for a well-placed dressing for gingival grafts

Answer 35

- smooth with as little bulk as possible - covers the surgical site with minimal overextension - interlocked interdentally to provide stability