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Small Animal Dentistry > Dental Development / Normal Anatomy > Flashcards

Dental Development / Normal Anatomy Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is Odontogenesis? (definition)

A

Tooth development

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2
Q

When do teeth start to develop? what are the parts of the tooth germ? What do they become?

A
  • Rudimentary signs start around day 25 in utero
  • Tooth Germ:
    • Odontogenic epithelium - Forms enamel
    • Dental follicle - forms structures associated with periodontal ligament
    • Dental papilla - forms tooth pulp and dentin
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3
Q

What are the different stages of tooth development?

A
  • Stages refer to the histologic shape of the epithelial tooth germ
    • Bud
    • Cap
    • Bell
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4
Q

Tooth bud stage

A
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5
Q

Tooth Cap stage

A
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6
Q

Tooth bell stage

A
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7
Q

Late bell stage

A
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8
Q

tooth crown stage

A
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9
Q

How is the tooth crown developed?

A
  1. Inner enamel epithelium transform into ameloblasts
  2. Ameloblasts lay down enamel matrix at the end of the bell stage
  3. Matrix is crystals placed within rods
  4. Maturation - crystals grow in size and are tightly packed
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10
Q

What is Enamel?

A
  • Hard calcified tissue covering the crown of the tooth
    • 96% inorganic - hydroxyapatite crystals (calcium phosphate) fluoride, magnesium, strontium
    • 4% organic - water and fibrous material - mostly in the enamel sheath
  • NO ability to regenerate
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11
Q

What is the structure of Enamel?

A
  • Thinnest at the cementoenamel junction
  • Organized in rods radiating from the dentin surface outward
  • rods are surrounded by an enamel sheath
    • 0.1 - 0.3 mm cat
    • 0.1 - 0.6 mm dog
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12
Q

How do tooth roots develop?

A
  • Formation after the general form of the crown is present
  • Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath - formed from the outer and inner enamel epithelium
  • Grows rapidly apically
  • Odontoblasts within the dental mesenchyme start to produce dentin
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13
Q

What can cause the root abnormality seen in the right picture?

A
  • Any infection that results in a high fever at about ____
  • Usually distemper
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14
Q

What is the structures of a tooth?

A
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15
Q

What is Dentin?

A
  • Hard tissue comprising the bulk of the tooth
  • Produced by odonetoblasts within the pulp tissue
  • 70% inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals
  • 30% organic water and collagen
  • Yellowish
  • Arranged in tubules extending form pulp to enamel
  • Odontoblast extension is in each tubule - Tomes’ fiber
  • Diameter of the tubules
    • 2.2 - 2.5um dog
    • 1.0 - 2.0 um cat
  • 30000 - 50000 tubules / mm2
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16
Q

What are the different types of dentin?

A
  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary (or Reparative/Reactionary)
  • Sclerotic
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17
Q

When is primary dentin formed?

A

Formed before the eruption of the tooth

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18
Q

When is secondary Dentin formed

A
  • formed after the eruption of the tooth
  • laid down over a life time in highly organized layers of tubules that reduce the width of the pulp chambers as the animal ages
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19
Q

When is tertiary dentin formed

A
  • formed due to external stimulus such as injury and irritation often in an unorganized manner
  • “osseosdentin”
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20
Q

what is sclerotic dentin

A
  • the tubule is mineralized
  • More frequently with age and trauma
  • increases the transparency of dentin
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21
Q

What is tooth pulp

A
  • mesodermal dental papilla
  • Comprised of blood vessel, nerves, fibroblasts, collagen fibers, undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells and odontoblasts
  • In the center of the tooth
  • Blood supply enters through the apical delta
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22
Q

What does a tooth look like histologically

A
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23
Q

What is the anatomy of the periodontium?

A
  • Gingiva
    • free gingiva
    • gingival sulcus
    • attached gingiva
  • Periodontal ligament (PDL)
  • Cementum
  • Alveolar bone
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24
Q

What is Gingiva? function? composition?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Function:
    • protect underlying structures from mechanical trauma
    • provide an epithelial barrier
    • plays an active role in the immune response to pathogens
  • Composed of:
    • Free gingiva ( “marginal” “unattached”)
    • Attached gingiva
    • Interdental gingiva
25
What is the Periodontal Ligament (PDL)?
* Coninuous with gingival tissues * Anchors the tooth in the alveolus * Act like a shock absorber during mastication * Active in periodontium maintenance * Vascular and regenerative tissue
26
What is the periodontal ligament comprised of?
* immune cells * neurovascular cells * Dense Type 1 collagen bundles (Sharpey's fibers) * insert into the cementum and the alveolar bone * fibroblasts * Osteoblasts * Cementoblasts * Blood supply from alveolar bone, gingiva and apical delta
27
What is Cementum?
* Anchors the periodontal ligament to the tooth * this is regenerative tissue * Made by cementoblasts in the periodontal ligament * 50% inorganic
28
What is Alveolar Bone? Function? composition?
* Attachment for the periodontal ligament * Supports the teeth * Helps redistribute forces of mastication * 3 layers: * **Cribriform plate** - cortical bone - next to tooth * **Cortical plate** - cortical bone - covered with periosteum * **Cancellous or trabecular bone** - between the 2 plates * Constantly being remodeled as it responds to the forces placed upon it.
29
What types of teeth do dogs and cats have?
* Heterodont - vary in shape, have different functions * Thecodont - set in a socket using gomphosis as the anchoring * Brachydont - short supragingival crown covered in enamel, longer root sub gingival with a cemental covering * Secodont - cheek teeth with cutting cusps * Diphydont - 2 sets of teeth * deciduous ("baby" * permanent
30
What are deciduous teeth
* First set of teeth that are shed and replaced by permanent teeth * If a deciduous tooth is absent, no permanent tooth will be present * (need to have a deciduous tooth to have a permanent) * Can have a deciduous tooth and not have a permanent tooth follow * Deciduous premolars' crowns may not look like the permanent counterparts
31
What are permanent dentition? types?
* Final set of teeth which are larger and more durable * dog 42 teeth by 7mo * cat - 30 teeth by ~6
32
Dental formula for a dog? (deciduous and permanent)
33
Dental formula for a cat? (deciduous and permanent)
34
When do teeth normally erupt in dogs? (deciduous and permanent)
35
When do teeth normally erupt in cats? (deciduous and permanent)
36
What is mixed dentition?
37
What is the function of incisors?
* scooping up, cutting, picking at/up food * grooming
38
What is the function of canines?
* Piercing / holding prey * slashing /tearing
39
What is the function of premolars?
* Holding, carrying food * breaking food into smaller pieces
40
What is the function of molars?
grind food into smaller pieces
41
How does the Modified Triadan system work? deciduous? permanent?
42
What is the “rule of 4's and 9's”?
43
define mesial
most rostral surface of the tooth towards the midline
44
define distal
most caudal surface of the tooth away from midline
45
define buccal
surface of the premolar/molar teeth adjacent to the cheek
46
define labial
surface of the incisor/canine teeth adjacent to the lips
47
define palatal
medial surface of maxillary teeth, adjacent to the palate
48
define lingual
medial surface of mandibular teeth, adjacent to the tongu
49
deffine occlusal
surface of the premolars and molars that contact the corresponding surfaces of the opposite jaw
50
define coronal
toward the crown
51
define apical
toward the rooth tip
52
define cusp
an elevation on the crown
53
define interproximal
space or surface between 2 adjacent teeth
54
define furcation
area between the roots of the same tooth (only for multi-rooted teeth)
55
What is a Class 1 Malacclusion?
* Neutroclusion * A normal rostral-caudal relationship of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches with malpositio of one or more individual teeth
56
How are individual teeth in a malocclusion qualified?
* defined by: * Distoversion * Mesioversion * Linguoversion * Palatoversion * Labioversion * Buccoversion * Rostral crossbite * Caudal crossbite
57
What is Class 2 Malocclusion?
* Symmetrical Skeletal Malocclusions * Mandibular disocclusion: * An abnormal rostral-caudal relationship between the dental arches in which the mandibular arch occludes caudal to its normal position relative to the maxillary arch
58
What is a Class 3 Malocclusion?
* Mandibular mesioclusion (MAL/3) * abnormal rostral-caudal relationship between dental arches in which the mandibular arch occludes rostral to its normal position relative to the maxillary arch (underbite) * Can be the breed standard
59
What is a Class 4 Malocclusion?
* Maxillomandibular Asymmetry * Asymmetry in a rostrocaudal, side-to-side, or dorsoventral direction * “wry bite” - not a specific description * Treatment depends on abnormal finding - goal pain free occlusion

Small Animal Dentistry (1 decks)

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