Dental Nsaids Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the three main effects of NSAIDs?
Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic.
What is the prototype NSAID?
Aspirin.
What are the two types of COX enzymes, and how do they differ?
COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and protects the GI tract, while COX-2 is inducible and mainly involved in inflammation and pain.
How do NSAIDs work mechanistically?
They inhibit COX enzymes, reducing prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis.
What are some common adverse effects of NSAIDs?
GI irritation, renal toxicity, cardiovascular risks, and platelet inhibition.
What are the pharmacokinetics of aspirin?
Rapidly absorbed, found in synovial fluid, metabolized by CYP450, and renally excreted.
What is Reye’s Syndrome, and how is it linked to aspirin?
A rare but serious condition causing liver and brain swelling in children recovering from viral infections, associated with aspirin use.
What are the major adverse effects of aspirin?
Gastric irritation, tinnitus, increased uric acid levels, and bleeding risk.
How does acetaminophen differ from NSAIDs?
It is a weak COX inhibitor, lacks anti-inflammatory effects, and has no impact on platelets or GI protection.
What is the most concerning adverse effect of acetaminophen overdose?
Hepatotoxicity due to oxidative stress on hepatocytes.
What makes ibuprofen a well-tolerated NSAID?
It has lower GI toxicity compared to aspirin and is commonly used for mild to moderate pain.
Why is ketorolac mainly used for post-surgical pain?
It has strong analgesic properties but higher GI toxicity.
Which NSAID has the longest half-life?
Piroxicam (57 hours).
What are the main adverse effects of naproxen?
GI upset, dizziness, tinnitus, edema, and fluid retention.
What is the main COX-2 inhibitor still on the market?
Celecoxib (Celebrex®).
Why were many COX-2 inhibitors withdrawn from the market?
Increased risk of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.
What are the main advantages of COX-2 inhibitors over traditional NSAIDs?
Fewer GI side effects and less impact on platelet function.
What is the first-line DMARD for rheumatoid arthritis?
Methotrexate.
How does methotrexate work?
It inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, increasing adenosine release for anti-inflammatory effects.
What are some common adverse effects of methotrexate?
Hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and GI upset.
What are three common anti-TNF drugs?
Etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab.
What is a major risk associated with anti-TNF therapy?
Increased risk of opportunistic infections.
How does infliximab work?
It is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds TNF-α, preventing its inflammatory effects.
What is the mechanism of action of etanercept?
It is a recombinant fusion protein that binds TNF-α, preventing receptor activation.
