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Surgery II > Dental surgery - the basics > Flashcards

Dental surgery - the basics Flashcards

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1
Q

Latin for
Dental crown
dental cervix
dental root

A

corona,
collum,
radix

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2
Q

Latin for
Pulp cavity
root canal +2 further details

A

cavum dentis,
canalis radicis,

apex radicis
delta apicis

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3
Q

Latin for
enamel
dentin
cementum
pulp

A

enamelum, (cannot be penetrated)

dentinum, (can be penetrated (microscopic tubules present))

cementum,
pulpa dentis

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4
Q

Development of a tooth - steps. (2-4-1)

A

dental lamina
ectoderm-mesenchyma grow

bud
cap
bell
late bell

crown eruption

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5
Q

Topographical-directional terminology used in dentistry. (9)

A

Distal (back surface)

Mesial refers to the surface of the tooth that is toward the front of the mouth. )

Interproximal (surface between two teeth)
Occlusal

Palatal
Lingual

Buccal
Labial

Vestibular (toward the pouch the cheeks form between dental arcade and cheek)

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6
Q

wide vs narrow pulp chamber in 2 consecutive teeth - what does it mean

A

the wide chamber mean thats its not laying down anymore dentin, the pulp is dead.

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7
Q

what tooth material does the periodontal ligament attach to?

A

cementum and the alveolar bone

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8
Q

columnar epithelial cells that produce and deposit enamel on the surface of a developing vertebrate tooth are called

A

ameloblasts

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9
Q

a cell of neural crest origin that is part of the outer surface of the dental pulp, and whose biological function is dentinogenesis

A

odontoblast

(cementoblasts make cementum)

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10
Q

what viral disease affects canine ameloblasts causing them to be poorly developed and pinkish in color?

A

canine distemper virus

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11
Q

How can deciduous puppy teeth be shed if the root is 5x longer than the crown?

A

deciduous tooth root undergoes resorption process which contributes to it falling out

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12
Q

retained and unerupted deciduous teeth may develop…

A

deciduous cysts (especially boxers!)

thus, always radiograph the jaw where there is a missing tooth

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13
Q

enamel thickness in dogs and cats

A

only 1-2 mm! very easy to chip away

very thin compared to e.g. people who have 5-6 mm

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14
Q

describe small animal enamel

A

Small animal enamel is a thin, highly mineralized outer layer of the tooth, comprising about 96% hydroxyapatite.

Its relative thinness compared to human enamel makes it more susceptible to wear and damage.

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15
Q

describe small animal dentin

A

Small animal dentin lies beneath the enamel and constitutes the bulk of the tooth structure.

It is less mineralized (about 70% hydroxyapatite) and more porous, containing microscopic tubules that communicate with the pulp, making it more sensitive to external stimuli and more prone to infection or damage once exposed.

dentin continues to grow throughout life

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16
Q

describe small animal cementum

A

Small animal cementum is a calcified tissue that covers the tooth root, providing attachment for the periodontal ligament to anchor the tooth to the alveolar bone.

Unlike enamel, cementum continues to form throughout life, playing a critical role in tooth stability and periodontal health.

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17
Q

Dog Deciduous teeth.

A

2 x (I3/3 : C1/1 : P3/3) = 28

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18
Q

Dog deciduous teeth Eruption when?

A

4th-6th (3rd-12th) week of age

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19
Q

Dog permanent teeth

A

2 x {I3/3 : C1/1 : P4/4 : M2/3} = 42

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20
Q

dog molars do not have

A

deciduous predecessors

(nor does premolar 1)

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21
Q

Dog permanent teeth Eruption when?

A

3rd-7th month of age

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22
Q

what tooth type do cats and dogs have?

A

Brachyodont teeth

are radicular, meaning rooted (as opposed to e.g. rabbit teeth which are aradicular (meaning non-rooted)

closure (very fragile, thin at first) of the apex of the root by appr.7-11th
month of age; the earliest in lower M1, the latest in upper canine.

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23
Q

Normocclusion is called

A

scissors bite (in some breeds, a malocclusion is considered desirable or ‘normal’ by breed standards)

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24
Q

4 types of teeth and their purposes

A

incisors for grasping
canines for grabbing, killing, holding
premolars for sectioning
molars for chewing, shearing

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25
carnassial teeth are numbered what?
P4 of maxilla & M1 of mandible so 108 & 208? and 309 and 409?
26
Review bones of the skull.
27
Cat deciduous teeth.
2 x {I3/3 : C1/1 : P3/2} = 26
28
Cat deciduous teeth eruption.
Eruption at 3rd-6th (3rd-12th) week of age
29
Cat permanent teeth.
2 x {I3/3 : C1/1 : P3/2 : M1/1} = 30
30
Cat permanent teeth eruption.
Eruption at 3rd-5th month of age
31
Types of skull – head shape
 Mesaticephalic  Dolicocephalic  Brachycephalic
32
Pre-dental Clinical examination – non-sedated
 Head – symmetry, shape, ability to open/close jaws etc.  Occlusion  Lymph nodes  Teeth, tongue, mucosa & gingiva  Additional if possible/necessary + history  Don’t forget preanesthetic investigations as necessary and general clinical exam!
33
Dental Clinical examination – sedated/anesthetized. (6)
 Occlusion (Normocclusion vs. malocclusion)  Mucosa, palate (palpate it!), pharynx, larynx, tonsils (push them out of their crypts even), sublingual check, periodontium, teeth  Diagnostic instrumentation necessary – periodontal probe, explorer, dental mirror.  Imaging – X-ray, CT/CBCT, MRI, U/S  Additional investigations: cyto/histo (biopsy), impression etc.  DENTAL CHART!
34
COHAT =
comprehensive oral health assessment and treatment
35
Examination - sequence. (7)
 History: info from the owner  Communicate with owner! What and why.  Awake exam  First diff. ddx, communicate w owner!  Pre-anesthetic evaluation  Anesthetized/sedated exam (dental chart)  Dx and treatment options, communicate with owner and don't forget price estimate!
36
Treatment - sequence. (5)
 Treatment options and pricing info – communicate with owner!  Decision making  Perform procedure(s)  Homecare instructions – communicate with owner clearly and given written instructions.  Follow-up checks – short and long term.
37
Requirements for dental procedures. (6)
 Separate room – ‘dirty procedures’  Light, assistant, anesthesia support  Intubation for most procedures  Good instruments + (heat) sterilization  Regular maintenance of equipment and instruments.  X RAY! (intraoral/dental, and should be inside dental workroom)
38
Dental explorer and periodontal probe
39
Hand scaler and periodontal curette
40
Describe Malocclusions
 One vs. several teeth  Symmetrical vs. unsymmetrical  Dental vs. skeletal  Hereditary vs. acquired  Classification - classes 1, 2, 3, (4)  www.avdc.org (american veterinary dental college)
41
Classification of malocclusions.
Neutrocclusions Mandibular Distoclusions Mandibular mesioclusions Maxillomandibular Asymmetry occlusions Classes 1-4 Very lengthy see avdc webpage for more info.
42
normal occlusion
43
Evaluate and record pathological findings on a dental chart. Like what? (4)
 Gingivitis, dental plaque, calculus  Missing (or supernumerary) teeth  Dental hard tissue defects  Periodontal attachment level – measure the depth of gingival sulcus (4 places around the tooth min), record attachment loss – pathological pockets +/- gingival recession.
44
Normal gingival sulcus depth in dogs and cats.
Dog 1-3 mm Cat 0,5 – 1mm
45
normal incisive papilla
46
AL
attachment loss (in percentages and mm depending on parameter) is how many mm has the level of tooth attachment migrated apically – towards the root – compared to normal (periodontal tissues, gingiva, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament which normally have their upper or coronal attachment margin at the level of cementoenamel junction)
47
PD
probing depth is the measurement in mm from the bottom of the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket (pathological) to the gingival margin (normal in a dog less than 2-3 mm, in a cat less than 0.5-1 mm)
48
GR
gingival recession is the extent of exposure of root surface in mm, how much has the normal attachment level migrated apically, while probing depth is still normal
49
GH
gingival hyperplasia/overgrowth – when probing depth is over normal measurement (in mm), while the normal attachment level of periodontal tissues to cementoenamel junction has been preserved (pseudopockets)
50
AL is not the same as
PD! (attachment loss is not the same as probing depth) AL is calculated, taking into account whether a) a pathological PD exists (probing depth) b) there is GR (gingival recession) c) there is GH (gingival hyperplasia)
51
probing depth 4 mm gingival recession 2mm = how much attachment loss?
6 mm
51
AL is the summation of what (3)
a) a pathological PD exists (probing depth) b) there is GR (gingival recession) c) there is GH (gingival hyperplasia)
52
probing depth 1mm gingival recession 2 mm = how much attachment loss?
3 mm
53
probing depth 4 mm gingival recession 2 mm = how much attachment loss?
6 mm
54
where should the gingiva attach to the tooth (after the sulcus)?
cementoenamel junction
55
place where teeth roots converge
furcation defects in this area graded 1-3
56
identify pathology
grade 3 furcation defect defects in this area graded 1-3
57
who has cavites?
dogs and ppl not cats, cause they're superior (and don't eat sugars)
58
What is the modified triadan?
A dental charting system in veterinary dentistry. Modified Triadan uses the numbering 101, 102 etc. Starting from the patient’s upper right, move clockwise from the POV of viewer (face to face with patient). 1xx-4xx permanent dentition, 5xx-8xx deciduous, xx4 always canine, xx8 always 4th premolar, xx9 always 1st molar
59
Deciduous teeth using the modified triaden charting system.
5xx-8xx deciduous
60
4th premolars using the modified triaden charting system are numbered..?
xx8 always 4th premolar
61
1st molar using the modified triaden charting system is numbered...?
xx9 always 1st molar
62
Dental charting systems in veterinary dentistry: Anatomical system
uses I, C, P, M permanent + no., i, c, p deciduous + no. no. written in the corresponding quadrant beside the letter, patient’s right side = letter’s right side.
63
species?
dog
64
species?
cat
65
What should you record on your dental chart? (5)
 Only pathological findings  Gingival pocket (pathological) = depth mm  O – missing teeth - circle around tooth  X – extracted (during this Tx episode) tooth, cross out the tooth  DT, DTP - deciduous tooth, persistent deciduous tooth (Supernumerary permanent teeth)
66
Unerupted permanent teeth (impacted/embedded) Dentigerous cyst
67
TR
tooth resorption (type, stage see avdc.org) NB this staging image is old and needs updating.
68
ED, EH
enamel defect, enamel hypoplasia
69
RTR
retained root
70
CA
caries Caries is tooth decay, commonly called cavities.
71
AB/AT or W
abrasion/attrition or wear
72
Characterizing fractures. (4)
 UCF uncomplicated crown fracture: closed fracture, pulp not exposed  UCRF uncomplicated crown and root fracture  CCF complicated crown fracture: open fracture, pulp exposed  CCRF complicated crown and root fracture
73
Staging/grading gingivitis.
(modified Löe&Silness, GI –gingival index)  GI 0 – no gingivitis  GI 1 – mild gingivitis, redness, no bleeding  GI 2 – moderate gingivitis, redness, swelling, bleeding on probing  GI 3 – severe gingivitis, redness, swelling, spontaneous bleeding and/or ulceration
74
Staging Furcation involvement.
 Stage 0 – normal, cannot access furcation  Stage 1 – furcation can be probed, but probe enters < 1/3 horizontally  Stage 2 – probe enters > 1/3 horizontally, but not through-and-through  Stage 3 – through-and-through horizontally with probe
75
Staging tooth Mobility.
 Stage 0 – normal, no mobility  Stage 1 – horizontal mobility 1 mm  Stage 3 – horizontal and vertical mobility NB! Multirooted teeth – even horizontal mobility > 1 mm generally classified as stage 3

Surgery II (13 decks)

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