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Dental Materials Y3 > Dental Waxes > Flashcards

Dental Waxes Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

What state are dental waxes in at room temperature

A

solid

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2
Q

Why do we heat dental waxes

A

Heating converts the wax to a liquid phase that makes it easily mouldable

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3
Q

why do manufacturers of dental waxes blend 2 or more waxes together

A

this gives the material a softening temperature range over which it is a useful mouldable material

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4
Q

What rough melting range do we want a dental wax to have on clinic and why

A

Only slightly higher than the mouth temperature as any higher would make it uncomfortable for the patient

Note: In Labs, waxes may have a much higher melting range

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5
Q

Why is thermal expansion very important in dental waxes relative to other dental materials

A

Dental waxes have a higher thermal expansion and contraction than any other dental material

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6
Q

What can happen if a wax is heated too far above the melting range or is heated unevenly

A

This will cause expansion above the acceptable standards and cause inaccuracies in the final casting

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7
Q

What can cause dimensional changes in dental waxes on standing

A

The release of residual stresses

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8
Q

What are dental waxes composed of

A

Of a synthetic and then 2 or more natural waxes and small amounts of additives

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9
Q

Describe some properties of natural waxes that are added to dental waxes

A
  • High molecular weight

- complex combination of organic compounds

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10
Q

Name some of the natural waxes that can be added to dental waxes

A
  • Paraffin
  • Microcrystalline
  • Ceresin
  • Carnauba
  • Cendelilla
  • Beeswax
  • Spermaceti
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11
Q

What is the melting range of paraffin

A

40-70C

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12
Q

What is the melting range of Microcrystalline

A

60-90C

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13
Q

What is the melting range of Ceresin

A

61-78C

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14
Q

What is ceresin used for in dental waxes

A

to increase the melting range of paraffin wax

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15
Q

What is the melting range of carnauba

A

84-91C

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16
Q

What is carnauba used for in dental waxes

A

Increases the melting range and hardness of paraffin wax

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17
Q

What is the melting range of candelilla

A

68-75C

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18
Q

What is candelilla used for in dental waxes

Study These Flashcards
A

Hardens paraffin wax

19
Q

What is the melting range of beeswax

20
Q

Give some examples of synthetic waxes used in dental waxes

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Polyethylene
  • Polyoxyethylene glycol
  • Halogenated hydrocarbon
  • Hydrogenated Hydrocarbon
  • Wax esters
21
Q

What are the melting ranges of polyethylene and polyoxyethylene glycol

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Polyethylene = 100-105C

- Polyoxyethylene glycol = 37-63C

22
Q

What kinds of additives are used in dental waxes

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Gums
  • Fats
  • Resins
23
Q

How are natural waxes classified according to origin

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Mineral = Paraffin, Microcrystalline, ceresin
  • Plant = Carnauba, Candelilla
  • Animal = Beeswax, Spermaceti
24
Q

How do mineral and plant waxes differ based on their chemical structures

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Mineral waxes = hydrocarbons ranging from 17-44 C atoms

- Plant waxes = saturated alkanes ranging from 19-31 C atoms

25
How can dental waxes be classified based on their uses
- Pattern waxes = Inlay, casting and modelling waxes - Processing wax = Boxing, Utility and Sticky waxes - Impression wax = Occlusal registration and Corrective waxes
26
What kind of wax is an inlay wax
A pattern wax
27
What types of inlay wax are there and what are their uses
- Type 1 (medium) - Direct techniques | - Type 2 (soft wax) - Indirect techniques
28
Name some restorations that use inlay waxes
Inlays, onlays and crowns - these are first made in wax and then converted into metal Inlay waxes can be used for making patterns of metallic restorations
29
What are the constituents of inlay pattern waxes
- Paraffin - 60% - Carnauba - 25% - Ceresin - 10% - Beeswax - 4% - Dammar resin - 1%
30
What properties makes paraffin need additives
It is weak and flakes on trimming
31
What does dammar resin do to inlay pattern waxes
improves smoothness, resistance to cracking and flaking and imparts gloss to surface
32
What are casting waxes used for
Used in patterns for denture framework ie construct the metal framework of partial and complete dentures
33
What classes of casting wax are there and describe their features
- Class A: 28 gauge, 0.4mm, pink - Class B: 30 gauge, 0.32mm, green - Class C: ready made shapes, blue
34
What are the properties of casting waxes
- Adaptable at 40-45C - Not brittle on cooling - Highly ductile - Burnt out without leaving residue?
35
What is modelling wax also called
Baseplate wax
36
What is baseplate/modelling wax used for
Setting up of artificial teeth for full dentures
37
What are the constituents of modelling/baselpate wax
- Paraffin or cersin (70-80%) - Beeswax (12%) - Carnauba (2.5%) - Natural or synthetic resins (3%) - Microcrystalline or synthetic waxes (2.5%)
38
What kind of wax is sticky wax
A processing wax
39
What is sticky wax used for
Its an adhesive wax that is used for the temporary joining of items - e.g. align fractured parts of acrylic dentures, align fixed partial parts before soldering
40
What are the constituents of sticky wax
- Resin - Yellow beeswax - Gum dammar
41
What are the properties of sticky wax
- At RT = hard and brittle - When melted it adheres closely to the applied surface - Sticky when melted - Fractures when movement occurs
42
What is impression wax used for
Occlusal Registry | Corrective for edentulous impressions
43
What are the constituents of impression wax
- Hydrocarbon waxes (paraffin, ceresin and beeswax) | - Metal particles (Al or Cu)
44
What are the properties of impression wax
- Limited to edentulous portions of mouth as it distorts when withdrawn from undercut areas - Soft at mouth temperature - flows at mouth temp (rigid at RT) - Available in sheets and cakes

Dental Materials Y3 (9 decks)

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