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Surgical Animal Nursing > Dentistry > Flashcards

Dentistry Flashcards

(97 cards)

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0
Q

What are the three components to a tooth?

A

Enamel, dentin, and pulp cavity

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1
Q

What are the two parts of a tooth?

A

Crown and root

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2
Q

What does the enamel cover?

A

Only the crown

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3
Q

What is the hardest substance in the body?

A

Enamel

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4
Q

How thick is enamel?

A

1-2 mm thick

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5
Q

Why is enamel so hard?

A

The atoms are arranged in an orderly fashion and contain calcium and floride

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6
Q

Where is dentin found?

A

Beneath the enamel and extends to the root tip

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7
Q

True of false: dentin makes up the bulk of the tooth?

A

True

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8
Q

When is dentin produced?

A

All the time

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9
Q

Will a younger animal have a bigger or smaller pulp cavity?

A

Bigger

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10
Q

What produces enamel?

A

Ameloblasts

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11
Q

What produces dentin?

A

Odontoblasts

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12
Q

What is primary dentin?

A

Dentin that forms before eruption

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13
Q

What is secondary dentin?

A

Dentin that forms after eruption

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14
Q

What is the tertiary dentin?

A

Protective dentin that forms after trauma from lack of enamel

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15
Q

What dentin is light, dark, and darker?

A

Primary dentin (light) secondary dentin(darker) tertiary dentin(darkest)

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16
Q

What are the two areas of the pulp cavity?

A

Pulp chamber an pulp canal

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17
Q

What does the pulp cavity contain?

A

Odontoblasts, connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves

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18
Q

Where do vessels and nerves enter?

A

Through the apical delta (old) / foramen (young)

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19
Q

What is periodentium?

A

Supporting tissue structures that surround the tooth

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20
Q

What is the function of gingiva?

A

Protects tooth from trauma caused by chewing

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21
Q

What is the gingival margin?

A

Edge if free non attached gingiva

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22
Q

What is the gingival sulcus?

A

Space between the gingival margin and gingival attachment to the tooth

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23
Q

What is the cementum?

A

Bone like substance that covers the tooth root

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24
What are the periodontal ligaments?
Fibrous structures that insert into attached gingiva cementum and alveolar bone
25
What is the alveolar bone?
Forms socket jot which the tooth sits.
26
What is alveolar bone not as hard as regular bone?
So soft tissues can embed into it
27
What is coronal?
Towards the crown
28
What is apical
Towards the root
29
What is buccal/labial?
Towards the cheek or lips
30
What is palatial or lingual?
Towards the palate or younger
31
What is occlusal?
Grinding surface of the tooth
32
What is medial?
Towards the midline
33
What is distal?
Farthest from midline
34
What is supra gingival?
Above the gums
35
What is sub gingival?
Below the gums
36
How do the incisor teeth meet the other incisor teeth?
They occlude
37
What are the incisor teeth used for?
Nibbling, tearing small pieces of tissue, grooming
38
How to canine teeth come in contact with other canine teeth?
Over ride opposite canines
39
What are anime teeth used for?
Used to grasp and tear with great force
40
How to pre molars come in contact with other molars?
Interdigital
41
What are premolars used for?
Tearing food
42
Which teeth are the carnassial?
4th premolars and 1st molar
43
Where does tartar normally build up?
Carnassial
44
Which teeth often get fractured?
Carnassial
45
When do puppies get their deciduous teeth?
2-8 weeks
46
When do kittens get their deciduous teeth?
2-6 weeks
47
How many deciduous teeth do puppies have?
28
48
What is the dental formula for puppies?
313/313
49
How many teeth do kittens have?
26
50
What is the dental formula for kittens?
312/312
51
What do deciduous teeth look like?
Greyish, thin, pointy, thin walled
52
How many teeth does a foul have?
24
53
What is the dental formula for a foul?
303/303
54
How many teeth does a calf have?
20
55
What is the dental formula for calf?
003/313
56
When do permanent teeth erupt in a dog?
2-7 months
57
When do perkiness teeth erupt in a cat?
3 1/2- 6 months
58
What are two types of malocclusion?
Anterior cross bite and mandibular prognathism
59
What is anterior cross bite?
Common in dogs, one or more upper incisors occlude caused to lower incisors
60
What is mandibular prognathism?
Shortened upper jaw, characteristic of braciocephalic dog breeds, over crowding of tooth with tooth rotation, premature wearing of tooth surface, damage of soft tissue in lower jaw
61
What can cause periodontal disease?
Contact points
62
What is posterior cross bite?
Mandible is wider than normal at lever of carnassial teeth
63
What is oligodentia?
Less than normal number of teeth
64
What is polydentia?
To many teeth/supernumerary teeth?
65
What is enamel hypoplasia?
Partial loss if enamel. Enamel is irregular, pitted, thinner than normal. Caused by systemic disturbances during tooth development
66
What causes tetracycling staining?
Caused by administration of tetracycling antibiotics to pregnant damn or growing animals
67
What is the major cause of tooth loss in dogs?
Periodontal disease?
68
What percent does periodontal diseases affect cats and dogs over 6?
85%
69
What is periodontal disease?
Disease charactorized by inflammation and destruction of the periodontal tissue that supports the tooth
70
What is stage one of periodontal disease?
Gingivitis: inflammation of the gums caused by bacterial toxins. The immune systems reactions to the bacteria and the mechanical trauma caused by calculus.
71
How deep will the sulcus be in stage one of periodontal disease?
2-4 mm
72
Is there any attachment loss in stage one of periodontal disease?
No
73
What are the signs of stage one periodontal disease?
Red gingival margin, exudate from sulcus (bleeding, fetid, breath)
74
What happens in stages 2-4 of periodontal disease?
Inflammation of sub gingival periodontal structures, caused by extension of plaque build up and inflammation beginning at gingiva. Progressive destruction of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone.
75
When is stage two of periodontal disease observed?
4-6 years of age
76
How much gingiva is lost ate stage two of periodontal disease?
25%
77
How much gingiva is lost at stage 3?
25-50%
78
How much gingiva is lost at stage four of periodontal disease?
Over 59%
79
What is fur cation?
Where the two roots divide
80
At is tooth attrition?
Wear of the tooth crown
81
What are two types of tooth fractures?
Slab fracture and pulp exposeur
82
What is pulpitis?
Inflammation of pulp tissue. Tooth will turn red, pink, then blueish. Can be caused by infection of the pulp cavity or trauma. Tooth is dead
83
What is gingival hyperplasia?
Excess gingival tissue covering the tooth crown and giving more room for plaque.
84
What is cyclosporine?
Drug that sometimes can cause gingival hyperplasia
85
What is epulis?
Localized swelling on gingiva that is usually benign. Typically only 1 or 2
86
What is malignant melanoma?
Most common in dogs, large black growth.
87
What percent of cancers in dogs are dental tumors?
5-7%
88
What is squamous cell carcinoma?
Malignant cancer that eats away tissue, most common in cats
89
What is fibrosarcoma?
Looks similar to epulis
90
What is gingivostomatis?
Severe inflammation of the soft tissues in the oral cavity of cats. Can be painful. Often associated w/ plaque build up. Result of hyper responsive immune system.
91
What is hyper responsive immune system?
Immunoglobulins, sub mucosal inflammatory cells present
92
What can help gingivostomatis?
Glucorticoids
93
How many cats have feline odontoclastic resorptive liesions?
30-75%
94
What are feline odontoclastic resorptive leisions?
Resorption of cementum, dentin, and enamel by odontoclasts. Liesions are hidden underneath the gum line.
96
What surfaces are most often effected by feline odontoclastic resorption liesions?
Buccal surfaces of premolars and molars
97
what is a normal sulcus depth in a cat?
0.3 mm

Surgical Animal Nursing (6 decks)

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