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Surgical Animal Nursing > Dentistry > Flashcards

Dentistry Flashcards

0
Q

What are the three components to a tooth?

A

Enamel, dentin, and pulp cavity

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1
Q

What are the two parts of a tooth?

A

Crown and root

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2
Q

What does the enamel cover?

A

Only the crown

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3
Q

What is the hardest substance in the body?

A

Enamel

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4
Q

How thick is enamel?

A

1-2 mm thick

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5
Q

Why is enamel so hard?

A

The atoms are arranged in an orderly fashion and contain calcium and floride

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6
Q

Where is dentin found?

A

Beneath the enamel and extends to the root tip

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7
Q

True of false: dentin makes up the bulk of the tooth?

A

True

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8
Q

When is dentin produced?

A

All the time

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9
Q

Will a younger animal have a bigger or smaller pulp cavity?

A

Bigger

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10
Q

What produces enamel?

A

Ameloblasts

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11
Q

What produces dentin?

A

Odontoblasts

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12
Q

What is primary dentin?

A

Dentin that forms before eruption

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13
Q

What is secondary dentin?

A

Dentin that forms after eruption

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14
Q

What is the tertiary dentin?

A

Protective dentin that forms after trauma from lack of enamel

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15
Q

What dentin is light, dark, and darker?

A

Primary dentin (light) secondary dentin(darker) tertiary dentin(darkest)

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16
Q

What are the two areas of the pulp cavity?

A

Pulp chamber an pulp canal

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17
Q

What does the pulp cavity contain?

A

Odontoblasts, connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves

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18
Q

Where do vessels and nerves enter?

A

Through the apical delta (old) / foramen (young)

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19
Q

What is periodentium?

A

Supporting tissue structures that surround the tooth

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20
Q

What is the function of gingiva?

A

Protects tooth from trauma caused by chewing

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21
Q

What is the gingival margin?

A

Edge if free non attached gingiva

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22
Q

What is the gingival sulcus?

A

Space between the gingival margin and gingival attachment to the tooth

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23
Q

What is the cementum?

A

Bone like substance that covers the tooth root

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24
Q

What are the periodontal ligaments?

A

Fibrous structures that insert into attached gingiva cementum and alveolar bone

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25
Q

What is the alveolar bone?

A

Forms socket jot which the tooth sits.

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26
Q

What is alveolar bone not as hard as regular bone?

A

So soft tissues can embed into it

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27
Q

What is coronal?

A

Towards the crown

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28
Q

What is apical

A

Towards the root

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29
Q

What is buccal/labial?

A

Towards the cheek or lips

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30
Q

What is palatial or lingual?

A

Towards the palate or younger

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31
Q

What is occlusal?

A

Grinding surface of the tooth

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32
Q

What is medial?

A

Towards the midline

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33
Q

What is distal?

A

Farthest from midline

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34
Q

What is supra gingival?

A

Above the gums

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35
Q

What is sub gingival?

A

Below the gums

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36
Q

How do the incisor teeth meet the other incisor teeth?

A

They occlude

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37
Q

What are the incisor teeth used for?

A

Nibbling, tearing small pieces of tissue, grooming

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38
Q

How to canine teeth come in contact with other canine teeth?

A

Over ride opposite canines

39
Q

What are anime teeth used for?

A

Used to grasp and tear with great force

40
Q

How to pre molars come in contact with other molars?

A

Interdigital

41
Q

What are premolars used for?

A

Tearing food

42
Q

Which teeth are the carnassial?

A

4th premolars and 1st molar

43
Q

Where does tartar normally build up?

A

Carnassial

44
Q

Which teeth often get fractured?

A

Carnassial

45
Q

When do puppies get their deciduous teeth?

A

2-8 weeks

46
Q

When do kittens get their deciduous teeth?

A

2-6 weeks

47
Q

How many deciduous teeth do puppies have?

A

28

48
Q

What is the dental formula for puppies?

A

313/313

49
Q

How many teeth do kittens have?

A

26

50
Q

What is the dental formula for kittens?

A

312/312

51
Q

What do deciduous teeth look like?

A

Greyish, thin, pointy, thin walled

52
Q

How many teeth does a foul have?

A

24

53
Q

What is the dental formula for a foul?

A

303/303

54
Q

How many teeth does a calf have?

A

20

55
Q

What is the dental formula for calf?

A

003/313

56
Q

When do permanent teeth erupt in a dog?

A

2-7 months

57
Q

When do perkiness teeth erupt in a cat?

A

3 1/2- 6 months

58
Q

What are two types of malocclusion?

A

Anterior cross bite and mandibular prognathism

59
Q

What is anterior cross bite?

A

Common in dogs, one or more upper incisors occlude caused to lower incisors

60
Q

What is mandibular prognathism?

A

Shortened upper jaw, characteristic of braciocephalic dog breeds, over crowding of tooth with tooth rotation, premature wearing of tooth surface, damage of soft tissue in lower jaw

61
Q

What can cause periodontal disease?

A

Contact points

62
Q

What is posterior cross bite?

A

Mandible is wider than normal at lever of carnassial teeth

63
Q

What is oligodentia?

A

Less than normal number of teeth

64
Q

What is polydentia?

A

To many teeth/supernumerary teeth?

65
Q

What is enamel hypoplasia?

A

Partial loss if enamel. Enamel is irregular, pitted, thinner than normal. Caused by systemic disturbances during tooth development

66
Q

What causes tetracycling staining?

A

Caused by administration of tetracycling antibiotics to pregnant damn or growing animals

67
Q

What is the major cause of tooth loss in dogs?

A

Periodontal disease?

68
Q

What percent does periodontal diseases affect cats and dogs over 6?

A

85%

69
Q

What is periodontal disease?

A

Disease charactorized by inflammation and destruction of the periodontal tissue that supports the tooth

70
Q

What is stage one of periodontal disease?

A

Gingivitis: inflammation of the gums caused by bacterial toxins. The immune systems reactions to the bacteria and the mechanical trauma caused by calculus.

71
Q

How deep will the sulcus be in stage one of periodontal disease?

A

2-4 mm

72
Q

Is there any attachment loss in stage one of periodontal disease?

A

No

73
Q

What are the signs of stage one periodontal disease?

A

Red gingival margin, exudate from sulcus (bleeding, fetid, breath)

74
Q

What happens in stages 2-4 of periodontal disease?

A

Inflammation of sub gingival periodontal structures, caused by extension of plaque build up and inflammation beginning at gingiva. Progressive destruction of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone.

75
Q

When is stage two of periodontal disease observed?

A

4-6 years of age

76
Q

How much gingiva is lost ate stage two of periodontal disease?

A

25%

77
Q

How much gingiva is lost at stage 3?

A

25-50%

78
Q

How much gingiva is lost at stage four of periodontal disease?

A

Over 59%

79
Q

What is fur cation?

A

Where the two roots divide

80
Q

At is tooth attrition?

A

Wear of the tooth crown

81
Q

What are two types of tooth fractures?

A

Slab fracture and pulp exposeur

82
Q

What is pulpitis?

A

Inflammation of pulp tissue. Tooth will turn red, pink, then blueish. Can be caused by infection of the pulp cavity or trauma. Tooth is dead

83
Q

What is gingival hyperplasia?

A

Excess gingival tissue covering the tooth crown and giving more room for plaque.

84
Q

What is cyclosporine?

A

Drug that sometimes can cause gingival hyperplasia

85
Q

What is epulis?

A

Localized swelling on gingiva that is usually benign. Typically only 1 or 2

86
Q

What is malignant melanoma?

A

Most common in dogs, large black growth.

87
Q

What percent of cancers in dogs are dental tumors?

A

5-7%

88
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Malignant cancer that eats away tissue, most common in cats

89
Q

What is fibrosarcoma?

A

Looks similar to epulis

90
Q

What is gingivostomatis?

A

Severe inflammation of the soft tissues in the oral cavity of cats. Can be painful. Often associated w/ plaque build up. Result of hyper responsive immune system.

91
Q

What is hyper responsive immune system?

A

Immunoglobulins, sub mucosal inflammatory cells present

92
Q

What can help gingivostomatis?

A

Glucorticoids

93
Q

How many cats have feline odontoclastic resorptive liesions?

A

30-75%

94
Q

What are feline odontoclastic resorptive leisions?

A

Resorption of cementum, dentin, and enamel by odontoclasts. Liesions are hidden underneath the gum line.

96
Q

What surfaces are most often effected by feline odontoclastic resorption liesions?

A

Buccal surfaces of premolars and molars

97
Q

what is a normal sulcus depth in a cat?

A

0.3 mm

Surgical Animal Nursing (6 decks)

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