Dentistry NEW (120) Flashcards
FOG - 1
The role of the dental prosthesis except:
A) restore the masticatory ability
B) restore the voice projection caused by tooth loss
C) provide proper support for the lips
D) to provide the ability for the patient to nail-biting
E) provide proper face height
ANSWER D) to provide the ability for the patient to nail-biting
EXPLANATION
The role of the dental prosthesis is the aesthetic, functional, voice projection rehabilitation of the teeth. The nail biting is better to avoid due to hygienic reasons and the overload of the masticatory system.
FOG - 2
Not true for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw:
A) more common on the lower jaw
B) more common in the molar region
C) occurs more often if the patient has diabetes mellitus
D) more common if the bisphosphonate is dosed per os rather than intravenous
E) Not always, but most of the cases are developed after an oral surgery procedure.
D) more common if the bisphosphonate is dosed per os rather than intravenous
EXPLANATION
All the answers are correct, except D. The use of intravenous bisphosphonates is more likely to cause MRONJ than per os bisphosphonates.
FOG - 3The aesthetic requirements of dental prostheses:
A) appropriate for the sex and age of the patient
B) appropriate for the race
C) fulfill the expectations of the patient
D) fit to the remaining teeth in color and shape
E) all the answers are correct
ANSWER E) all the answers are correct
EXPLANATIONAll the listed points are important aesthetic requirements when making dental prostheses.
FOG - 4Most often causes allergy among the dental materials:
A) amalgam
B) precious metal alloys
C) non-precious metal alloys
D) glass ionomer cement
E) titanium
ANSWER C) non-precious metal alloys
EXPLANATION
The frequency of nickel allergy can be as high as 10% in some populations. Therefore in the case of non-precious metal alloys, it is becoming very important to strive to be nickel-free.
FOG - 5The most informative imaging test in the case of temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
A) MRI
B) CBCT examination of cheekbones and jaws
C) orthopantomogram
D) lateral skull CT
E) skull CT
A) MRI
EXPLANATIONThe MRI is a gold standard imaging test when joints are tested. The articular disc of the TMJ has a key role in the joint’s function. The articular disc is a fibrous connective tissue that is not visible on the X-ray. The MRI is imaging of the soft tissue and is capable of testing the TMJ.
FOG - 6Medication groups induce medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw:
1) aminobisphosphonate
2) denosumab
3) VEGF antibody
4) non-aminobisphosphonate
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct
E) All of the answers are correct
EXPLANATIONAll of the listed medication groups can induce medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
FOG - 7You notice an unconscious person, lying on the street. During airway management the …… has to be removed from the mouth:
1) porcelain fused to metal removable partial denture cemented on the teeth
2) complete denture in the lower jaw
3) screw-retained implant crown
4) clasp retained removable partial denture
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correctEXPLANATIONThe removable dentures need to be removed because they can cause airway obstruction if the patient is unconscious.
FOG - 8What kind of dental prosthesis can be made to replace the lower missing first molar?
1) solo crown on a solo implant
2) porcelain fused to metal fixed partial denture retained on the two neighbor teeth (“bridge”)
3) porcelain fused to zirconium-dioxide fixed partial denture retained on the two neighbor teeth (“bridge”)
4) complete denture
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correctEXPLANATIONIn the case of single tooth loss the best choice is the implant replacement if it is possible.
FOG - 9Major symptom(s) of the temporomandibular disorder (TMD):
1) facial pain related to jaw movements
2) limitation of mouth opening
3) clicking, popping, or grinding when moving the jaw
4) excessive tooth wear
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
EXPLANATIONBased on the definition the major symptoms of TMD are: pain, clicking, popping or grinding, and limitation in the mouth opening related to the jaw movements. The tooth wear is only a minor symptom.
FOG - 10Aetiology of the TMD can be:
1) stress
2) occlusal discrepancy related to inadequate prosthetic or orthodontic treatment
3) macro- or micro-trauma in the temporomandibular joints
4) inadequate root canal treatment
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct
ANSWER A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
EXPLANATIONMicro-trauma is when continuous blows are transmitted to the temporomandibular joints due to insufficient contact between the upper and lower teeth. This effect is increased by grinding the teeth because of stress.
FOG-11-14Match the following.
A) the temporomandibular joints
B) the masticatory muscles
C) both of them
D) none of them
FOG - 11 - It can be the origin of the pain due to temporomandibular disorder (TMD)
FOG - 12 - If this is affected, the limited active mouth opening can be passively open an additional 3-5 mm.
FOG - 13 - Their dysfunction can be the result of occlusal problem/discrepancy
FOG - 14 - The limited active mouth opening can not be further opened passively
ANSWER
FOG - 11 - It can be the origin of the pain due to temporomandibular disorder (TMD) - C)
FOG - 12 - If this is affected, the limited active mouth opening can be passively open an additional 3-5 mm. - B)
FOG - 13 - Their dysfunction can be the result of occlusal problem/discrepancy - C)
FOG - 14 - The limited active mouth opening can not be further opened passively - A)
FOG-15-18Match the following.
A) removable denture
B) fixed partial denture
C) both of them
D) none of them
FOG - 15 - It does not occupy greater space than the natural teeth
FOG - 16 - In this case, the hygienic aspect is more favorable, easier to keep it clean
FOG - 17 - It can be fabricated with the digital labor technique
FOG - 18 - The patients prefer this type of dental prosthesis
FOG - 15 - It does not occupy greater space than the natural teeth - B)
FOG - 16 - In this case, the hygienic aspect is more favorable, easier to keep it clean - A)
FOG - 17 - It can be fabricated with the digital labor technique - C)
FOG - 18 - The patients prefer this type of dental prosthesis - B)
FOG - 19The MRONJ is a multifactorial disease and the most important etiology is the local radiotherapy in the affected area.
A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between them
B) both are correct, but there is no causal relationship between them
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
D) the first is wrong, the second is correct in itself
E) both are wrong
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
EXPLANATIONLocal and systematic factors also play roles in MRONJ. Osteonecrosis of the jaw caused by radiotherapy is called osteoradionecrosis.
FOG - 20If possible, we try to replace a single tooth loss, because the neighbor tooth can be migrated as a consequence of tooth loss.
A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between them
B) both are correct, but there is no causal relationship between them
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
D) the first is wrong, the second is correct in itself
E) both are wrong
ANSWER
A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between them
EXPLANATIONThe replacement of tooth loss has several local, systematic, and financial contraindications. If there are no contraindications we try to replace the tooth loss. The tooth loss has several negative consequences, one of the most important is tooth migration.
FOG - 21The patients prefer the removable dentures because it is easier to keep them clean than the fox partial dentures.
A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between them
B) both are correct, but there is no causal relationship between them
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
D) the first is wrong, the second is correct in itself
E) both are wrong
D) the first is wrong, the second is correct in itself
EXPLANATIONThe cleaning of removable dentures is easier than fixed partial dentures, but most patients prefer fixed dentures.
FOG - 22
The incidence ratio of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) between men and women is 1:2 because parafunctional activities (tooth clenching, grinding) are important etiological factors in TMD.
A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between them
B) both are correct, but there is no causal relationship between them
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
D) the first is wrong, the second is correct in itself
E) both are wrong
B) both are correct, but there is no causal relationship between them
EXPLANATIONTMD is twice as common among women and parafunctional activities are one of the most important etiological factors, but the two statements are not related to each other.
FOG - 23Treatment of a permanent tooth’s crown fracture with small-size pulp exposition, if not too much time passed since the accident:
A) pulpectomy
B) pulpotomy
C) indirect pulp capping
D) direct pulp capping
E) Root canal treatment in one session
ANSWERD) direct pulp cappingEXPLANATIONIn these circumstances, it can be claimed that the pulp tissue is not infected and the vitality can be preserved with medicational pulp capping
FOG - 24Type of luxatio partialis dentis permanentis:
A) extrusion
B) lateral luxation
C) subluxation
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
D) all of the aboveEXPLANATIONAll three listed injuries are the type of partial luxation.
FOG - 25Which form of primary tooth injury most often causes malformation in permanent teeth?
A) crown fracture
B) root fracture
C) intrusion
D) partial luxation
E) total luxation
C) intrusion
EXPLANATION
The intrusion (tooth press inside the alveolus) can cause most often mechanical injury in the homologous germ of the permanent tooth in the case of primary tooth accidents.
FOG - 26 Which contagious childhood disease can be a complication of orchitis and consecutive sterility?
A) chicken-pox
B) scarlatina
C) morbilli
D) epidemic parotitis
E) herpetic gingivostomatitis
D) epidemic parotitis
EXPLANATIONThe epidemic parotitis (mumps) is caused by a virus that infects children. It is transmitted by airborne, and forms long-term immunity, the complications are otitis media, meningitis, and orchitis.
FOG - 27Koplik spot is a symptom of which childhood disease?
A) chicken-pox
B) scarlatina
C) morbilli
D) epidemic parotitis
E) gingivostomatitis herpetica
C) morbilli
EXPLANATION
The morbilli starts with whooping cough and on the second day of the disease small blueish-white spots (Koplik spots) appear in the hyperemic mucosa most often buccaly in the high of occlusal plane against the 5 and 6 teeth. The diagnosis of Koplik spots means the diagnosis of morbilli. The spots disappear after 2-3 days when exanthemas appear.
FOG - 28Which disease’s characteristic symptoms are the large number of impacted tooth germs blocked from breaking through?
A) ectodermal dysplasia
B) epidermolysis bullosa
C) cleidocranial dysostosis
D) Papillon Lefevre syndrome
E) Down syndrome
C) cleidocranial dysostosis
EXPLANATIONThe symptoms of dysostosis cleidocranialis are: missing or hypoplastic clavicle, prolonged ossification of the cranial bones, large number (normal and supernumerary) of impacted tooth germs in the jaws blocked from breaking through.
FOG - 29What can cause Turner’s tooth?
A) inheritance
B) viral infection
C) fluoride overdose
D) inflammation around the root of the primary tooth
E) none of them
D) inflammation around the root of the primary tooth
EXPLANATIONWhat can cause Turner’s tooth? The inflammation around the root of the primary tooth due to trauma or caries can cause serious developing disorders in the mineralization of the homologous permanent tooth. This hypo-mineralized and brownish-discolored tooth is the Turner tooth.
FOG - 30The consequences of baby bottle syndrome:
A) caries (decay) on upper and lower primary incisors
B) gingivitis
C) periodontitis
D) circular caries (decay) on the upper four primary incisors
E) all of them
D) circular caries (decay) on the upper four primary incisors
EXPLANATION
The sugar-coated pacifier, sugar-sweetened beverages like tea from baby bottles and syrups cause circular caries in typical localization. The lesion of the upper primary incisors is first brownish discoloration around the tooth neck then progress into tooth decay, if neglected can cause tooth fracture as well.
FOG - 31Which bad habit can not cause an open bite?
A) thumb sucking
B) tongue thrust swallowing
C) pursed-lip swallowing
D) night grinding
E) chewing objects
D) night grinding
EXPLANATIONEvery bad habit can cause an open bite when something (object or anatomical parts regularly. The grinding is not like that.
FOG - 32 Oral symptoms of leukemia:
1) bleeding tendency
2) fungal infections due to therapy
3) petechias on the oral mucosa
4) ulcers on the oral mucosa, especially on the gingiva
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct
ANSWER E) All of the answers are correct
EXPLANATION
All the 4 are correct. During leukemia, the bleeding tendency and the number of petechias are increased. Fungal, bacterial, and viral infections can occur due to the disease and its therapy and characteristic deep ulcers appear.
FOG - 33Which disease(s) is/are caused by viruses?
1) chicken-pox
2) morbilli
3) herpangina
4) scarlatina
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
EXPLANATIONThe scarlatina is caused by bacteria the other diseases are caused by viruses.
FOG - 34The characteristics of amelogenesis imperfecta
1) it can affect all teeth
2) the enamel is thinned
3) the worn off teeth are turn brownish
4) recessive inheritance disorder
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct
ANSWER A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
EXPLANATIONThis disease is inherited dominantly. The other statements (1,2,3) are true.
FOG - 35It is not a condition of the undisturbed replacement of the primary teeth:
1) enough space for the permanent tooth
2) optimal location of the permanent tooth germ
3) physiological root resorption of a primary tooth
4) primary tooth extraction as soon as possible
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
EXPLANATION
The eruption of the permanent teeth can be disturbed because of the tilting and migration of neighbor teeth due to early primary tooth extraction(impaction). The 4 is the correct answer.
FOG - 36When is tetracycline medication can not be given?
1) under 10 years old
2) at pregnancy
3) under 12 years old
4) under 8 years old
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
EXPLANATIONTetracyclin medications (e.g. Doxycyclin, Huma-Doxylin) can not be given to pregnant women and children under age 8 because of their tooth-damaging effect
FOG - 37 Characteristic oral symptoms of Down syndrome:
1) salivation
2) microglossia
3) small teeth
4) wide upper dental arch
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
EXPLANATION
The 1 and 3 are correct. Down syndrome is a chromosome-related disease. The general symptoms go together with characteristic facial character too. The main symptoms are macroglossia, small teeth, and 95% malocclusion like cross and open bite.
FOG - 38What are the treatment options for decay in primary teeth?
1) filling
2) removing the caries and impregnation
3) use of preformed metal crown
4) vital amputation (pulpotomy)
A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct
E) All of the answers are correctEXPLANATIONAll of the above. It depends on the circumstances all the listed treatments can be used to treat decay in the primary tooth.
FOG - 39In the case of total luxation the primary incisor is not placed back in the alveolus, because the homologous permanent tooth can be damaged.
A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between them
B) both are correct, but there is no causal relationship between them
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
D) the first is wrong, the second is correct in itself
E) both are wrong
ANSWERA) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between them
EXPLANATIONBoth statements are correct, there is a cause-and-effect relation between them. The replanted root of the primary tooth can cause damage to the root of the permanent tooth.
FOG - 40 Juvenile periodontitis can cause serious periodontal disease even in an early stage, so a careful clinical examination is enough for the diagnosis.
A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between them
B) both are correct, but there is no causal relationship between them
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
D) the first is wrong, the second is correct in itself
E) both are wrong
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
EXPLANATION
The first statement is correct and the second is incorrect. The disease forms without inflammation, plaque, and calculus, gingivitis is not visible. The teeth have no caries. The vertical bone loss appears in the order of eruption of the permanent teeth, first on one side then on both sides of the molars and incisors. A foetor ex ore (bad breath) is a very uncomfortable symptom, careful clinical examination is needed. To make the diagnosis and determine the extent of the bone loss an x-ray is required.
FOG - 41The calcification of the primary teeth happens in the intrauterine life, therefore anomalies in the primary tooth number do not occur.
A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between them
B) both are correct, but there is no causal relationship between them
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
D) the first is wrong, the second is correct in itself
E) both are wrong
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
EXPLANATION
Anomalies in tooth number can occur in the primary teeth as well but are not caused by calcification. The first statement is correct.
FOG - 42The mesiodens develop in the midline, therefore it causes diastema in every case.
A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between them
B) both are correct, but there is no causal relationship between them
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
D) the first is wrong, the second is correct in itself
E) both are wrong
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
EXPLANATIONThe first statement is correct the second is not. The mesiodens beside the diastema medianum can cause an abnormal eruption and position of the incisors. Only the first statement is true.
FOG - 43Childhood periodontal diseases can be influenced because they are caused by local factors.
A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between them
B) both are correct, but there is no causal relationship between them
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
D) the first is wrong, the second is correct in itself
E) both are wrong
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
EXPLANATIONThe first statement is correct the second is not. Periodontal diseases in childhood often have general etiology, but local factors can induce the symptoms as well. The treatment result of the disease is influenced by the underlying disease.
FOG - 44The immediate replantation of the totally luxated permanent tooth is needed because the time is crucial for future stability.
A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between them
B) both are correct, but there is no causal relationship between them
C) the first is correct in itself, but the second is wrong
D) the first is wrong, the second is correct in itself
E) both are wrong
ANSWER A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between them
EXPLANATIONBoth statements are correct, there is a cause-and-effect relation between them.
FOG-45-48Match the following.
A) dental dilaceration
B) dens invaginatus
C) both of them
D) none of them
FOG - 45 - numerical abnormality of the teeth
FOG - 46 - an be the consequences of primary tooth accidents
FOG - 47 - morphological abnormality of tooth
FOG - 48 - another name is dens in dente
FOG - 45 - numerical abnormality of the teeth - D)
Both are morphological abnormalities. Primary tooth trauma can cause dilaceration. In the case of invagination (or dens in dente), the development of one part of the tooth is lagged and the other parts grow around. These teeth are bulky shaped.
FOG - 46 - an be the consequences of primary tooth accidents - A)
Both are morphological abnormalities. Primary tooth trauma can cause dilaceration. In the case of invagination (or dens in dente), the development of one part of the tooth is lagged and the other parts grow around. These teeth are bulky shaped.
FOG - 47 - morphological abnormality of tooth - C)
Both are morphological abnormalities. Primary tooth trauma can cause dilaceration. In the case of invagination (or dens in dente), the development of one part of the tooth is lagged and the other parts grow around. These teeth are bulky shaped.
FOG - 48 - another name is dens in dente - B)
Both are morphological abnormalities. Primary tooth trauma can cause dilaceration. In the case of invagination (or dens in dente), the development of one part of the tooth is lagged and the other parts grow around. These teeth are bulky shaped.
FOG-49-52Match the following.
A) dental sealant
B) filling
C) both of them
D) none of them
FOG - 49 - treatment of tooth disease
FOG - 50 - carried out with adhesive technique
FOG - 51 - the aim is caries prevention
FOG - 52 - it can be done at any age
FOG - 49 - treatment of tooth disease - B)
The aim of dental sealing is caries prevention, carried out with an adhesive technique and optimally done shortly after the breakthrough of the tooth.
FOG - 50 - carried out with adhesive technique - C)
The aim of dental sealing is caries prevention, carried out with an adhesive technique and optimally done shortly after the breakthrough of the tooth.
FOG - 51 - the aim is caries prevention - A)
The aim of dental sealing is caries prevention, carried out with an adhesive technique and optimally done shortly after the breakthrough of the tooth.
FOG - 52 - it can be done at any age - D)
The aim of dental sealing is caries prevention, carried out with an adhesive technique and optimally done shortly after the breakthrough of the tooth.
FOG - 53 For high-risk patients, the antibiotic prophylaxis is carried out this way before bloody procedures:
A) 60 minutes before the procedure, 2000 mg Amoxicillin per os
B) 30 minutes before the procedure, 1600 mg Clindamycin i.v.
C) 30 minutes before the procedure, 1g Amoxicillin per os
D) 60 minutes before the procedure, 2000 mg Tetracyclin i.m.
E) 120 minutes before the procedure, 2000 mg Amoxicillin per os
ANSWER A) 60 minutes before the procedure, 2000 mg Amoxicillin per os
EXPLANATION
In dentistry treatment with bleeding is carried out in antibiotic prophylaxis for high-risk patients: The protocol is the following: 60 minutes before the procedure the patient takes 2000 mg amoxicillin per os.
FOG - 54 Which one is caused by a dental focal infection?
A) Alopecia aerate
B) Infective endocarditis
C) Preterm birth
D) Melanoma
E) Psoriasis
D) Melanoma
EXPLANATION
Dental focal diseases/infections are spot boldness, psoriasis, and erythema nodosum, but have no role in the form of melanoma. The focal diseases are related to the high risk of infective endocarditis and other heart issues. Bad oral hygiene (periopathogenic bacterias and toxins) and focal infections like teeth with chronic periapical inflammation can cause preterm uterus contraction through elevated prostaglandin and inflammation factors.
FOG - 55What is true for the form of secondary caries?
A) Decay under the filling in the bottom of the cavity
B) Primary tooth decay on the tooth surface
C) Only can form on the tooth neck
D) Decay next to the previous filling or restoration
E) most common on the canines
D) Decay next to the previous filling or restoration
EXPLANATIONThe decay under the filling in the bottom of the cavity can be the result of insufficient caries removal. This is called residual caries.
FOG - 56What is true for the remineralized enamel?
A) The demineralized enamel takes up less F¬ ion than the healthy enamel, so it cannot be F- reservoir
B) If it once remineralized it can not be demineralized again
C) The composition of the remineralized enamel is not the same as the original enamel. It is more compact and has higher resistance to the acids
D) The remineralized enamel is less resistant to the acids.
E) Further mineral dissolution from the demineralized areas of the erupted tooth.
C) The composition of the remineralized enamel is not the same as the original enamel. It is more compact and has higher resistance to the acids
EXPLANATIONRemineralization in the demineralized areas of the erupted tooth. Ca2+, (PO4)3– and F– ions from supersaturated saliva or synthetic materials are deposited in the demineralized tissues and form apatite. The remineralization is the growth of the remained apatite crystals rather than forming a new one. The F- fastens the apatite deposition, forming fluorapatite helping the crystal growth. The demineralized enamel takes up more F- ion than the healthy enamel and works as an F- reservoir. ) The composition of the remineralized enamel is not the same as the original enamel. It is more compact and has higher resistance to the acids
FOG - 57 Which dental disease does not require root canal treatment therapy?
A) Pulp necrosis
B) Caries media
C) Irreversibile pulpitis
D) Internal resorption
E) Chronic apical periodontitis
B) Caries media
EXPLANATIONIn the case of caries media the right therapy is filling or inlay/onlay.
FOG - 58Which dental disease’s typical symptom the biting sensitivity?
A) Caries media
B) Caries superficialis
C) Acute apical periodontitis
D) Internal resorption
E) Secondary caries
C) Acute apical periodontitis
EXPLANATIONIn the case of acute apical periodontitis the inflammation of the pulp is spread to the periapical tissues which causes oedema. The patient feels that their aching tooth is longer and the tooth is sensitive to biting.
FOG - 59Primary selected medication in endocarditis prophylaxis:
A) Acetylsalicylic acid
B) Propranolol
C) Amoxicillin
D) Clopidogrel
E) Metronidazole
C) Amoxicillin
EXPLANATIONWhen there is a high risk for infective endocarditis (for example the patient has an artificial heart valve) antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended which reduces the risk. The first used antibiotic is amoxicillin in these cases.
FOG - 60In this case, the typical symptom is the biting sensitivity:
A) Acute apical periodontitis
B) Caries incipient
C) Reversible pulpitis
D) Irreversible pulpitis
E) Hyperplastic pulpitis
A) Acute apical periodontitis
EXPLANATIONIn the case of acute apical periodontitis pain can be triggered with biting or axial percussion because the inflammation reached the periodontal tissues.
FOG-119-122Match the following.
A) pregnancy gingivitis
B) acute necrotizing gingivitis (acute gingivitis ulcerosa)
C) both of them
D) none of them
FOG - 119 - reestablish the oral hygiene can cure this disease
FOG - 120 - theoretically can form without the presence of dental plaque
FOG - 121 - the microembolization in the gingival vessels plays a role in the progress
FOG - 122 - if it is not treated in time, healing with remaining tissue necrosis, defect
FOG - 119 - reestablish the oral hygiene can cure this disease - C)
The pregnancy hormones with the presence of dental plaque can increase the gingivitis intensity because the estrogen-progesterone level increases the capillary permeability and the gingival inflammation tendency. Acute necrotizing gingivitis is related to dental plaque, in the patomechanism the immune complex reaction plays an important role which is responsible for the marginal gingiva necrosis. The marginal gingival precapillary arterioles are end arterioles without collateral circulation during the immune complex reaction microthrombus closes the arterioles which leads to necrosis. If this is not treated then it can lead to irreversible gingiva necrosis. Both can be curable with plaque control started on time.
FOG - 120 - theoretically can form without the presence of dental plaque - D)
The pregnancy hormones with the presence of dental plaque can increase the gingivitis intensity because the estrogen-progesterone level increases the capillary permeability and the gingival inflammation tendency. Acute necrotizing gingivitis is related to dental plaque, in the patomechanism the immune complex reaction plays an important role which is responsible for the marginal gingiva necrosis. The marginal gingival precapillary arterioles are end arterioles without collateral circulation during the immune complex reaction microthrombus closes the arterioles which leads to necrosis. If this is not treated then it can lead to irreversible gingiva necrosis. Both can be curable with plaque control started on time.
FOG - 121 - the microembolization in the gingival vessels plays a role in the progress - B)
The pregnancy hormones with the presence of dental plaque can increase the gingivitis intensity because the estrogen-progesterone level increases the capillary permeability and the gingival inflammation tendency. Acute necrotizing gingivitis is related to dental plaque, in the patomechanism the immune complex reaction plays an important role which is responsible for the marginal gingiva necrosis. The marginal gingival precapillary arterioles are end arterioles without collateral circulation during the immune complex reaction microthrombus closes the arterioles which leads to necrosis. If this is not treated then it can lead to irreversible gingiva necrosis. Both can be curable with plaque control started on time.
FOG - 122 - if it is not treated in time, healing with remaining tissue necrosis, defect - B)
The pregnancy hormones with the presence of dental plaque can increase the gingivitis intensity because the estrogen-progesterone level increases the capillary permeability and the gingival inflammation tendency. Acute necrotizing gingivitis is related to dental plaque, in the patomechanism the immune complex reaction plays an important role which is responsible for the marginal gingiva necrosis. The marginal gingival precapillary arterioles are end arterioles without collateral circulation during the immune complex reaction microthrombus closes the arterioles which leads to necrosis. If this is not treated then it can lead to irreversible gingiva necrosis. Both can be curable with plaque control started on time
FOG-123-126Match the following.
A) plaque-induced gingivitis
B) chronic periodontitis
C) both of them
D) none of them
FOG - 123 - The diagnosis-based treatment plan is always used.
FOG - 124 - Surgical treatment of the periodontal pockets is part of the treatment plan.
FOG - 125 - Patient cooperation is important in the therapy.
FOG - 126 - Removal of the subkingival calculus is not indicated in the treatment.
FOG - 123 - The diagnosis-based treatment plan is always used. - C)
Not every patient needs all the possible therapy, but eliminating the dental biofilm is essential. The diagnosis-related treatment plan is always made. In gingivitis, the I. therapy phase is enough. In the case of chronic periodontitis from the II. surgical phase regenerative or mucogingival surgery is not needed in most cases. In serious cases, the patients have to go through all the possible periodontal treatments for the satisfying and long-lasting results. The cooperation of the patient is essential.
FOG - 124 - Surgical treatment of the periodontal pockets is part of the treatment plan. - B)
Not every patient needs all the possible therapy, but eliminating the dental biofilm is essential. The diagnosis-related treatment plan is always made. In gingivitis, the I. therapy phase is enough. In the case of chronic periodontitis from the II. surgical phase regenerative or mucogingival surgery is not needed in most cases. In serious cases, the patients have to go through all the possible periodontal treatments for the satisfying and long-lasting results. The cooperation of the patient is essential.
FOG - 125 - Patient cooperation is important in the therapy. - C)
Not every patient needs all the possible therapy, but eliminating the dental biofilm is essential. The diagnosis-related treatment plan is always made. In gingivitis, the I. therapy phase is enough. In the case of chronic periodontitis from the II. surgical phase regenerative or mucogingival surgery is not needed in most cases. In serious cases, the patients have to go through all the possible periodontal treatments for the satisfying and long-lasting results. The cooperation of the patient is essential.
FOG - 126 - Removal of the subkingival calculus is not indicated in the treatment. - D)
Not every patient needs all the possible therapy, but eliminating the dental biofilm is essential. The diagnosis-related treatment plan is always made. In gingivitis, the I. therapy phase is enough. In the case of chronic periodontitis from the II. surgical phase regenerative or mucogingival surgery is not needed in most cases. In serious cases, the patients have to go through all the possible periodontal treatments for the satisfying and long-lasting results. The cooperation of the patient is essential.
