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anthropology > dentition > Flashcards

dentition Flashcards

1
Q

Incisors (I)

A

on the labial side
teeth: (2,4)
spatulate with a single sharp cutting edge sloping mesial distally
marginal ridges
cingulum at cervix
maxillary are larger than mandibular
one root, flat or groove sided
anterior teeth

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2
Q

canines (C)

A

on the labial side
teeth: (1,2)
like an incisor but pointed
asymmetric
maxillary is much larger than the mandibular
anterior teeth

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3
Q

premolar

A

on the buccal side
teeth: (,4)
usually 2 cusps, 1 root
in humans serve same purpose as molars
posterior teeth

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4
Q

molars (M)

A

on the buccal side
grinding function
size & stability M1>M2>M3
4-5 cusps but can have up to 7
M1 starts to develop before birth
have the most variants and morphology
posterior teeth

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5
Q

deciduous teeth

A

20 teeth
no premolar, missing 3 molar
child
formula: 2,1,2
all have root resorption that starts at the bottom of the root to the crown.
all roots are “sharp”

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6
Q

permanent teeth

A

32 teeth
formula: 2,1,2,3

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7
Q

human dental formula

A

2.1.2.3
(cut in half)
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molar

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8
Q

human vs non human

A
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9
Q

dentine

A

second layer inside of tooth
located in both crown and root
makes up the bulk of the tooth beneath the enamel and cementum
lines the pulp cavity

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10
Q

enamel

A

shiny, outer layer
the protective outer surface of the anatomic crown
96% mineral
hardest tissue in the body

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11
Q

pulp chamber

A

innermost layer, leads to canal, blood vessels/ nerves
has formative, sensory, nutritive, and functions during the life of the tooth
the space i the tooth that in life contains the pulp or “nerve” of the tooth, will be absent in our specimens in class. it has a coronal (crown) portion and a radicular (root) portion (usually called the root canal)

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12
Q

cementum

A

outside of root
this substance covers the surface of the anatomic root

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13
Q

root

A

can be used in 2 ways:
1. the anatomical root is the portion of the tooth that is covered with cementum, a bone-like substance that facilitates anchorage of the tooth in its bony socket (the alveolus)

  1. the clinical root is that part of the anatomical root that is actually embedded in the jaw. in a patient with advanced bone loss, the clinical root may be reduced in size
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14
Q

neck

A

area between the crown and the root

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15
Q

crown

A

term can be used in 2 ways:
1. the anatomical crown is covered with enamel

  1. the clinical crown is the portion of the anatomical crown that is visible clinically. its what you see when you look into the mouth
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16
Q

root canal

A

the pulp chamber
a space within the root of a tooth
contains the pulp chamber, also has the main canal

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17
Q

cervical line

A

the line that separates the anatomic crown from the anatomic root. junction between 2 tissues (the enamel and cementum).
also called the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)
also called the cervix of the tooth

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18
Q

cusp

A

a point or peak on the occlusal surface of molar and premolar teeth and on the incisal edges of canines.
also defined as: an elevation on the occlusal surface crown of a tooth making up a divisional part of the occlusal surface.

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19
Q

lingual

A

tongue side

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20
Q

buccal

A

cheek side
facial surface of anterior teeth towards the cheeks

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21
Q

occlusal

A

bite
biting surface
that surface that articulates with an antagonist tooth in a opposing arch

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22
Q

apical

A

root tip
towards the apex

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23
Q

labial

A

lip
facial surface of anterior teeth

24
Q

caries

A

a disease process resulting in demineralization of dental tissues

25
Q

hypoplasia

A

disturbance of enamel formations that often manifests in transverse lines

26
Q

occlusal plane

A

a plane formed by the cusps of the teeth. it is often curved, as in a cylinder. often referred to as the occlusal surface of a tooth

27
Q

median sagittal plane

A

the imaginary plane in the center that divides the right from the left

28
Q

median line

A

an imaginary line on that plane that bisects the dental arch at the center of

29
Q

mesial

A

toward the center line of the dental arch

30
Q

distal

A

away from the center line of the dental arch

31
Q

proximal

A

the surface of a tooth that is toward another tooth in the arch

32
Q

facial

A

towards the cheeks or lips

33
Q

incisal

A

cutting edge of anterior teeth

34
Q

cinglulum

A

a bulge or elevation on the lingual surface of incisors or canines.
it makes up the bulk of the cervical third of the lingual surface.
resembles a girdle

35
Q

lobe

A

one of the primary centers of formation in the development of the crown of the tooth

36
Q

mamelon

A

a lobe seen on anterior teeth
any one of the three rounded protuberances seen on the unworn surfaces of freshly erupted anterior teeth

37
Q

ridge

A

any linear elevation on the surface of a tooth.
named according to its location or form

38
Q

marginal ridges

A

rounded borders of enamel forming the margins of the surfaces or premolars and molars, mesially and distally, and the mesial and distal margins of the incisors and canines lingually

39
Q

triangular ridges

A

ridges descending from the tips of the cusps of molars and premolars toward the central part of the occlusal surface

40
Q

transverse ridges

A

created when a buccal and lingual triangular ridge join. the union of two triangular ridges crossing transversely across the surface of a posterior tooth

41
Q

oblique ridges

A

seen on maxillary molars and are companion to the distal oblique groove

42
Q

cervical ridges

A

the height of contour at the gingival, on certain deciduous and permanent teeth

43
Q

fossa

A

an irregular, founded depression or concavity found on the surface of a tooth.
a lingual fossa in found on the lingual surface of incisors.
a central fossa is found on the occlusal surface of a molar.
they are formed by the converging of ridges terminating at a central point in the bottom of a depression where there is a junction of grooves

44
Q

pit

A

a small pinpoint depression located at the junction of developmental grooves or at the terminals of these grooves.
a central pit is found in the central fossa on the occlusal surfaces of molars where developmental grooves join.
a pit is often the site of the onset of dental cavities

45
Q

developmental groove

A

a sharply defined narrow and linear depression formed during tooth development and usually separating lobes or major portions of a tooth
major grooves are named according to their location

46
Q

supplemental groove

A

a shallow depression but is usually less distinct and is more variable than a developmental groove and does not mark the junction of primary parts of a tooth

47
Q

buccal and lingual grooves

A

they are developmental grooves found on the buccal and lingual surfaces of posterior teeth

48
Q

tubercle

A

a small elevation produced by an extra formation of enamel.
occur in marginal ridges of posterior teeth or the cingulum or anterior teeth
deviations of the typical form

49
Q

interproximal space

A

the triangular space between the adjacent teeth cervical to the contact point.
the base of the triangle is the alveolar bone; the sides ate the proximal surfaces of the adjacent teeth.
the interproximal space is normally filled by the gingival papillae

50
Q

embrasures

A

when 2 teeth in the same arch are in contact, their curvatures adjacent to the contact areas form spillway spaces.
there are 3 embrasures:
1. facial (buccal or labial)
2. occlusal or incisal
3. lingual

51
Q

anterior deciduous teeth

A

smaller
proportionally different (crowns bulge compared to the roots)
root absorbs into the body
shorter roots
wear quickly (thin enamel)
relatively short crowns
cervical constriction
mesial edge is longer than the distal

52
Q

deciduous maxillary molars

A

2nd molar looks like 1 premolar, and looks most like permanent tooth
3 roots oriented on the 2 buccal roots.
roots are widely spread out
1st is unlike any permanent molar.
bulge at the cingulum

53
Q

deciduous mandibular molars

A

2nd molar looks most like permanent tooth
roots still mesial and buccal
bulge at @ mesial buccal corner (used to determine L and R)
m1 is much smaller/irregular then M1
cusps are close together/ in rows
mesial marginal ridge
widespread roots
large pulp chambers

54
Q

order to name tooth

A
  1. Maxillary vs Mandibular (upper vs lower)
  2. left vs right
  3. permanent vs deciduous
  4. number of tooth (or central vs lateral)
  5. type of tooth
55
Q

rules of shorthand

A

Capital = permanent: lowercase = deciduous.
Mandibular and Maxillary have 2 different ways of being represented
U= upper; or use superscript = maxillary
L = lower; or use subscript = mandibular.
the side of the tooth will always come first (L, l= left and R,r= right)
the number of the tooth will be what is in the sub/super script (1-4)

56
Q

Calculus

A

Calcified deposit found on sides of crowns

anthropology (1 decks)

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