dentition

Question 1

Incisors (I)

Answer 1

on the labial side
teeth: (2,4)
spatulate with a single sharp cutting edge sloping mesial distally
marginal ridges
cingulum at cervix
maxillary are larger than mandibular
one root, flat or groove sided
anterior teeth

Question 2

canines (C)

Answer 2

on the labial side
teeth: (1,2)
like an incisor but pointed
asymmetric
maxillary is much larger than the mandibular
anterior teeth

Question 3

premolar

Answer 3

on the buccal side
teeth: (,4)
usually 2 cusps, 1 root
in humans serve same purpose as molars
posterior teeth

Question 4

molars (M)

Answer 4

on the buccal side
grinding function
size & stability M1>M2>M3
4-5 cusps but can have up to 7
M1 starts to develop before birth
have the most variants and morphology
posterior teeth

Question 5

deciduous teeth

Answer 5

20 teeth
no premolar, missing 3 molar
child
formula: 2,1,2
all have root resorption that starts at the bottom of the root to the crown.
all roots are “sharp”

Question 6

permanent teeth

Answer 6

32 teeth
formula: 2,1,2,3

Question 7

human dental formula

Answer 7

2.1.2.3
(cut in half)
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molar

Question 8

human vs non human

Question 9

dentine

Answer 9

second layer inside of tooth
located in both crown and root
makes up the bulk of the tooth beneath the enamel and cementum
lines the pulp cavity

Question 10

enamel

Answer 10

shiny, outer layer
the protective outer surface of the anatomic crown
96% mineral
hardest tissue in the body

Question 11

pulp chamber

Answer 11

innermost layer, leads to canal, blood vessels/ nerves
has formative, sensory, nutritive, and functions during the life of the tooth
the space i the tooth that in life contains the pulp or “nerve” of the tooth, will be absent in our specimens in class. it has a coronal (crown) portion and a radicular (root) portion (usually called the root canal)

Question 12

cementum

Answer 12

outside of root
this substance covers the surface of the anatomic root

Question 13

root

Answer 13

can be used in 2 ways:
1. the anatomical root is the portion of the tooth that is covered with cementum, a bone-like substance that facilitates anchorage of the tooth in its bony socket (the alveolus)

2. the clinical root is that part of the anatomical root that is actually embedded in the jaw. in a patient with advanced bone loss, the clinical root may be reduced in size

Question 14

neck

Answer 14

area between the crown and the root

Question 15

crown

Answer 15

term can be used in 2 ways:
1. the anatomical crown is covered with enamel

2. the clinical crown is the portion of the anatomical crown that is visible clinically. its what you see when you look into the mouth

Question 16

root canal

Answer 16

the pulp chamber
a space within the root of a tooth
contains the pulp chamber, also has the main canal

Question 17

cervical line

Answer 17

the line that separates the anatomic crown from the anatomic root. junction between 2 tissues (the enamel and cementum).
also called the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)
also called the cervix of the tooth

Question 18

cusp

Answer 18

a point or peak on the occlusal surface of molar and premolar teeth and on the incisal edges of canines.
also defined as: an elevation on the occlusal surface crown of a tooth making up a divisional part of the occlusal surface.

Question 19

lingual

Answer 19

tongue side

Question 20

buccal

Answer 20

cheek side
facial surface of anterior teeth towards the cheeks

Question 21

occlusal

Answer 21

bite
biting surface
that surface that articulates with an antagonist tooth in a opposing arch

Question 22

apical

Answer 22

root tip
towards the apex

Question 23

labial

Answer 23

lip
facial surface of anterior teeth

Question 24

caries

Answer 24

a disease process resulting in demineralization of dental tissues

Question 25

hypoplasia

Answer 25

disturbance of enamel formations that often manifests in transverse lines

Question 26

occlusal plane

Answer 26

a plane formed by the cusps of the teeth. it is often curved, as in a cylinder. often referred to as the occlusal surface of a tooth

Question 27

median sagittal plane

Answer 27

the imaginary plane in the center that divides the right from the left

Question 28

median line

Answer 28

an imaginary line on that plane that bisects the dental arch at the center of

Question 29

mesial

Answer 29

toward the center line of the dental arch

Question 30

distal

Answer 30

away from the center line of the dental arch

Question 31

proximal

Answer 31

the surface of a tooth that is toward another tooth in the arch

Question 32

facial

Answer 32

towards the cheeks or lips

Question 33

incisal

Answer 33

cutting edge of anterior teeth

Question 34

cinglulum

Answer 34

a bulge or elevation on the lingual surface of incisors or canines. it makes up the bulk of the cervical third of the lingual surface. resembles a girdle

Question 35

lobe

Answer 35

one of the primary centers of formation in the development of the crown of the tooth

Question 36

mamelon

Answer 36

a lobe seen on anterior teeth any one of the three rounded protuberances seen on the unworn surfaces of freshly erupted anterior teeth

Question 37

ridge

Answer 37

any linear elevation on the surface of a tooth. named according to its location or form

Question 38

marginal ridges

Answer 38

rounded borders of enamel forming the margins of the surfaces or premolars and molars, mesially and distally, and the mesial and distal margins of the incisors and canines lingually

Question 39

triangular ridges

Answer 39

ridges descending from the tips of the cusps of molars and premolars toward the central part of the occlusal surface

Question 40

transverse ridges

Answer 40

created when a buccal and lingual triangular ridge join. the union of two triangular ridges crossing transversely across the surface of a posterior tooth

Question 41

oblique ridges

Answer 41

seen on maxillary molars and are companion to the distal oblique groove

Question 42

cervical ridges

Answer 42

the height of contour at the gingival, on certain deciduous and permanent teeth

Question 43

fossa

Answer 43

an irregular, founded depression or concavity found on the surface of a tooth. a lingual fossa in found on the lingual surface of incisors. a central fossa is found on the occlusal surface of a molar. they are formed by the converging of ridges terminating at a central point in the bottom of a depression where there is a junction of grooves

Question 44

pit

Answer 44

a small pinpoint depression located at the junction of developmental grooves or at the terminals of these grooves. a central pit is found in the central fossa on the occlusal surfaces of molars where developmental grooves join. a pit is often the site of the onset of dental cavities

Question 45

developmental groove

Answer 45

a sharply defined narrow and linear depression formed during tooth development and usually separating lobes or major portions of a tooth major grooves are named according to their location

Question 46

supplemental groove

Answer 46

a shallow depression but is usually less distinct and is more variable than a developmental groove and does not mark the junction of primary parts of a tooth

Question 47

buccal and lingual grooves

Answer 47

they are developmental grooves found on the buccal and lingual surfaces of posterior teeth

Question 48

tubercle

Answer 48

a small elevation produced by an extra formation of enamel. occur in marginal ridges of posterior teeth or the cingulum or anterior teeth deviations of the typical form

Question 49

interproximal space

Answer 49

the triangular space between the adjacent teeth cervical to the contact point. the base of the triangle is the alveolar bone; the sides ate the proximal surfaces of the adjacent teeth. the interproximal space is normally filled by the gingival papillae

Question 50

embrasures

Answer 50

when 2 teeth in the same arch are in contact, their curvatures adjacent to the contact areas form spillway spaces. there are 3 embrasures: 1. facial (buccal or labial) 2. occlusal or incisal 3. lingual

Question 51

anterior deciduous teeth

Answer 51

smaller proportionally different (crowns bulge compared to the roots) root absorbs into the body shorter roots wear quickly (thin enamel) relatively short crowns cervical constriction mesial edge is longer than the distal

Question 52

deciduous maxillary molars

Answer 52

2nd molar looks like 1 premolar, and looks most like permanent tooth 3 roots oriented on the 2 buccal roots. roots are widely spread out 1st is unlike any permanent molar. bulge at the cingulum

Question 53

deciduous mandibular molars

Answer 53

2nd molar looks most like permanent tooth roots still mesial and buccal bulge at @ mesial buccal corner (used to determine L and R) m1 is much smaller/irregular then M1 cusps are close together/ in rows mesial marginal ridge widespread roots large pulp chambers

Question 54

order to name tooth

Answer 54

1. Maxillary vs Mandibular (upper vs lower) 2. left vs right 3. permanent vs deciduous 4. number of tooth (or central vs lateral) 5. type of tooth

Question 55

rules of shorthand

Answer 55

Capital = permanent: lowercase = deciduous. Mandibular and Maxillary have 2 different ways of being represented U= upper; or use superscript = maxillary L = lower; or use subscript = mandibular. the side of the tooth will always come first (L, l= left and R,r= right) the number of the tooth will be what is in the sub/super script (1-4)

Question 56

Calculus

Answer 56

Calcified deposit found on sides of crowns