Deploying Applications to AWS Flashcards
What is a subnet?
A subnet, short for subnetwork, is a division of an IP network into smaller networks. It helps manage network traffic efficiently and enables better organization and security by grouping devices into logical segments. Each subnet has its own unique range of IP addresses.
What is the purpose of subnetting?
The purpose of subnetting is to divide a large network into smaller, more manageable subnetworks. This helps improve network performance, efficiency, and security.
What is CIDR notation?
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) notation is a compact representation of an IP address and its associated subnet mask. It consists of the IP address followed by a forward slash and a number representing the number of bits in the subnet mask. For example, “192.168.1.0/24” represents an IP address in the subnet 192.168.1.0 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.
What is a subnet mask?
A subnet mask is a 32-bit binary number used to divide an IP address into network and host portions. It determines which portion of an IP address is the network address and which portion is the host address. Subnet masks are represented in decimal form, such as “255.255.255.0” for a Class C network.
What is the difference between a subnet and a VLAN?
A subnet is a logical division of an IP network, whereas a VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is a logical division of a physical network infrastructure. Subnets operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, while VLANs operate at the data link layer (Layer 2). Subnets divide networks based on IP addresses, while VLANs divide networks based on MAC addresses or port numbers.
What is the maximum number of hosts in a subnet with a subnet mask of /28?
With a subnet mask of /28, there are 4 bits available for host addresses, allowing for 2^4 - 2 = 14 hosts per subnet. The subtraction of 2 accounts for the network address and the broadcast address, which cannot be assigned to hosts.
What is NAT?
NAT, short for Network Address Translation, is a technique used in networking to modify network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. It enables the translation of private IP addresses used within a local network to public IP addresses used on the internet, allowing multiple devices within the private network to share a single public IP address for outgoing traffic. NAT helps conserve public IP addresses and enhances network security by hiding internal network structure from external entities.
What are the main types of NAT?
The main types of NAT are:
Static NAT: Maps a private IP address to a single public IP address permanently.
Dynamic NAT: Maps private IP addresses to public IP addresses from a pool of available addresses dynamically.
PAT (Port Address Translation): Maps multiple private IP addresses to a single public IP address by using different source port numbers.
What is the difference between NAT and PAT?
NAT (Network Address Translation) translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses, while PAT (Port Address Translation) translates both IP addresses and port numbers. PAT allows multiple devices within a private network to share a single public IP address by using different source port numbers for each connection.
What is the purpose of NAT traversal?
NAT traversal (Network Address Translation traversal) enables communication between devices behind NAT devices, such as routers or firewalls, and devices on external networks. It allows applications and services to function correctly despite the presence of NAT, by using techniques like NAT traversal protocols (e.g., STUN, TURN, and ICE) to establish and maintain connections.
What are some advantages of using NAT?
Advantages of using NAT include:
Conservation of public IP addresses by allowing multiple devices to share a single public IP address.
Enhanced network security by hiding internal IP addresses and topology from external networks.
Simplified network management as it eliminates the need to assign public IP addresses to individual devices within a private network.
Facilitation of IPv4 to IPv6 transition by allowing IPv4-only devices to communicate over IPv6 networks through NAT64 translation mechanisms.
What is the function of network ports in computer networking?
Network ports serve as communication endpoints that allow different applications and services to send and receive data over a network. They enable devices to distinguish between different types of network traffic and direct data packets to the appropriate destination service or application.
How are network ports identified?
Network ports are identified by numerical values ranging from 0 to 65535. These port numbers are standardized for common services, with well-known ports reserved for specific applications or protocols.
What is the difference between a TCP port and a UDP port?
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are two common transport layer protocols. TCP ports provide reliable, connection-oriented communication, ensuring data delivery and sequencing. UDP ports, on the other hand, offer faster, connectionless communication but do not guarantee delivery or sequencing.
What is a well-known port?
A well-known port is a port number reserved by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for a specific service or application. Examples include port 80 for HTTP, port 443 for HTTPS, and port 25 for SMTP.
