Depositional Envi

Question 1

Terrestrial Envi (5)

Answer 1

• Alluvial fans
• Fluvial (rivers) (Braided stream, meandering streams, floodplains)
• Aeolian
• Beaches
• Glacier (moraines, eskers, drumlins)

Question 2

Marine Envi (6)

Answer 2

• Deltas
• Reefs
• Lagoons
• Barrier islands
• turbidites
• deep marine

Question 3

A1. Alluvial Fans

Answer 3

large fan-shaped piles of sediments formed when stream velocity decreases emerge from narrow canyon onto a flat plain at the foot floor of a mountain range

Question 4

characteristics of Alluvial fans

Answer 4

poorly sorted
congl to sh
fair n + k
aquifer (fair to poor)

Question 5

A2. Fluvial (river)

Answer 5

braided streams

meandering streams

Question 6

A2. braided streams

Answer 6

stream that flows in a series of small rivulets around mid-channel bars

• congl to SS
• well-sorted
• aquifer

Question 7

A2. meandering stream

Answer 7

stream that flows in a single channel with very pronounced sinuous curves

• ss to sh
• well sorted
• good aquifers

Question 8

oxbow lake

Answer 8

1. neck creation
2. corkscrew water motion
3. depositions of silt and clay
4. lake creation

Question 9

A2. Floodplains

Answer 9

section of a river valley that is adjacent to a river but outside of its banks

• fine materials
• silt to mud
• aquitard

Question 10

comparison streams and FP

Answer 10

Braided. Mean. FP
systerm E: high. Moderate. low
lithology: cong to ss. ss to sh. silt to sh
n/k. : good good. poor

Question 11

A3. desert dune (aeolian)

Answer 11

large piles of wind-blown sand

• ss, well-sorted
• excellent n/k
• aquifer

Question 12

Beach

Answer 12

strip of land extending from the low water line inland to a cliff or permanent vegetation

• congl - ss
• well-sorted
• excellent n, k
• excellent aquifer

Question 13

barrier island

Answer 13

a ridge of sand paralleling the shoreline but not attached to it which is above sea level

• silt to sh
• well-sorted
• good n, k
• aquitard

Question 14

A5. glacier landform

Answer 14

glaciers erode underlying rx and sediment, transport the eroded material along w them
variety of landform: moraines, drumlins & eskers

Question 15

A51. moraines

Answer 15

glacier stage: advance, retreat or remain stationary
sediment being transported b the glacier is dumped in a single long high ridge along the edge of the glacier
-congl - sh
-poorly sorted
-fair - poor aquifer

Question 16

A52. Drumlins

Answer 16

streamlined-looking hill formed from glacial sediment by the movement of a glacier

Question 17

A53. eskers

Answer 17

long sinuous ridge of sediments deposited by meltwter flowing beneath the ice

Question 18

Comparison of Moraines, drumlins & eskers

Answer 18

Mo. Drumlin. Eskers
Transported by: ice. ice. water
Lithology: conglo - sh. cong-sh. ss-sh
sorting: poor. poorly. well
n/k: fair. fair. good
type of glacial drift: till. till. drift

Question 19

glacial drift

Answer 19

all sediment deposited by a glacier

include both glacier till and stratified drift

Question 20

glacial drift

Answer 20

all sediment deposited by a glacier

include both glacial till and stratified drift

Question 21

glacial till

Answer 21

sediment deposited directly b glacial ice

Question 22

stratified drift

Answer 22

sediment deposited by a glacier which is both sorted & layered

Question 23

B1. deltas

Answer 23

a body of sediment deposited by the end of river entering standing water body (lake, ocean..)
decreasing in Velocity when hitting standing water body results in sediments are deposited

Question 24

distributatry channel (DC)

Answer 24

extention of river on top of delta
ss
well-sorted
aquifers

Question 25

inter distributary bays

Answer 25

quiet envi btw the DC silt - sh well-sorted aquitards

Question 26

B2. Reef

Answer 26

a rx structure formed from the build-up of the skeletal remains of sedentary organisms (coral) found growing in warm, shallow sea in a nearshore envi

Question 27

5 basic reef types

Answer 27

1. barrier reef 2. fringing reef 3. patch reef 4. pinnacle reef 5. atoll

Question 28

barrier and fringing reef

Answer 28

``` Sim: long linear reefal structure running parallel to the shoreline # barrier has a lagoon, fringing has no lagoon ```

Question 29

patch and pinnacle reef

Answer 29

``` sim: both circular shape #: patch reef grows in a lagoon, pinnacle grows in the open ocean. ```

Question 30

atoll

Answer 30

a donut-shaped reef which encircles a lagoon begin as fringing reefs around active volcano a barrier reef is created which becomes as atoll once the volcano eroded below SL

Question 31

B3. lagoons

Answer 31

``` bodies of water possessing a narow restricted connection to the open ocean btw the land and a barrier -fine material -poor k -good k - shale -poor k - micrite ```

Question 32

B4. turbidites

Answer 32

``` piles of fan-shaped sediment deposited from a sediment-laden current flowing down slope along the bottom of a lake or ocean underwater fan -ss-sh -well-sorted -n/k: good /aquifers ```

Question 33

B5. deep marine

Answer 33

sediments deposited in the deep marine envi beyond the continental shelf shale - low k - aquitard