depostis + stains Flashcards by Olivia Donnarose

2 types of deposits

soft and hard

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4 kinds of soft deposits

acquired pellicle
materia alba
plaque (biofilm)
food deposits

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example of a hard deposit

calculus

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acquired pellicle

an amorphous, acellular membranous layer

forms quickly

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significance of acquired pellicle

provides a barrier against acids in micro organisms

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plaque (biofilm)

A dense, non-mineralize complex massive colonies, and a gel like inter-microbial matrix

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at what point is there bacterial colonization of plaque

colonize during birth and as soon as teeth erupt and are exposed to saliva, they are exposed to plaque

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3 basic steps of plaque formation

acquired pellicle
bacterial colonization
plaque maturation

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formation of pellicle

forms on the tooth surface absorption of protein components from the saliva

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bacteria multiplication and colonization

bacteria multiplies and colonizes

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what type of bacteria forms on the teeth in the first few hours

gram positive cocci and rods

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plaque growth and maturation

continued bacterial multiplication adhering the the plaque surfaces

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significance of plaque

plays a major role in the progression of caries, periodontal disease, and calculus

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what occurs with uncontrolled subgingival plaque

inflammation and calculus

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new plaque

12-24 hours old not a health program and is normal

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mature plaque day 1-2

thicker plaque consisting mainly of cocci (streptococcus mutants)

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days 2-4

cocci still dominate and gram positive filamentous forms

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days 4-7

filaments increase in numbers
mixed flora begins to appear and plaque thickens near gingiva

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Days 7-14

vibrio and spire here’s appear

inflammation occurs

periodontal health is at risk

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days 14-21

vibrios and sporophytes are prevalent and gingivitis is evident

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composition of plaque

calcium
phosphorus
fluoride
carbs
protein
lipids

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inorganic elements of plaque

calcium and phosphorus
fluoride

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what does an inorganic element mean

can not be dissolved

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what does an organic element means

can be dissolved

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organic elements of plaque

carbohydrates proteins

what does fresh plaque look like

transparent or light brown with staining

what does heavy older plaque look like

matter fur like usually stained

supragingival plaque

coronal to the gingival margin

gingival plaque

forms in the external surfaces of the oral epithelium and attached to the gingiva

subgingival plaque

located between within the sulcus

fissure plaque

develops in pits and fissures of the teeth

4 factors affecting plaque accumulation

crowded teeth rough surfaces difficult to clean out of occlusion

average pH of plaque

6.2-7.0

critical pH for enamel demineralization

4.5-5.5

amount of demineralization depends on…?

length of time and frequency of contact of low pH acids with teeth

5 areas of plaque accumulation

- interproximal areas - gingival areas - cervical third of buccal areas of molars - lingual of mandibular incisors and molars - crowded or maligned teeth

streptococcus mutans

bacteria that creates caries

actinomycete

acid bacteria

gram negative bacteria

anaerobic bacteria which produce endotoxins accounts for periodontal disease

anaerobic bacteria

can survive with no oxygen

aerobic bacteria

needs oxygen to survive

dental caries

disease is dental calcified structures cavities

what bacterial plays a role in bacteria PROGRESSION

lactobaccilli

plaque index

assess presence of plaque

oral hygiene index

assess presence of debris and/or calculus

materia alba

occurs in top of plaque thick white or gray substance

food debris

loose food particles

calculus

calcified dental plaque must be removed by a professional

perioscopy

camera that moves and shows subgingival calculus

supragingival calculus

occurs in the coronal portion to the margin

subgingival calculus

calculus forms between the sulcus

amelogenesis imperfecta

imperfect formation of enamel hereditary condition in which ameloblasts fail to lay down the enamel matrix properly

how may days does gingival tissue heal in

7-14

chlorophyll

green plant pigment essential to photosynthesis

chromogenic

producing colour or pigment

chronologic

arranged in order of time

dentinogenesis imperfecta

hereditary disorder of dentin formation in which odontoblasts lay down and abnormal matrix

endogenous

Stains that develop or originate within the tooth

Exogenous

Originating outside are caused by factors outside

Extrinsic

derived from, or situated on the outside Can be removed by coronal polish

Hypoplasia

Incomplete development or under development of an organ or tissue

Intrinsic

Situated entirely within

etiology of stain

Caused by predisposing factors, another factor, such a Dental plaque calculus foods and beverages and tobacco

what tools can you use to identify a stain

medical/dental history food record oral hygiene habits

direct stains

stain matches in to pellicle or plaque smooth enamel will not allow stains to adhere

indirect stains

stains that attach to calculus or soft deposits

drug stains

Usually extrinsic sit things that come from drugs, prescription or not usually brown

how do whitening agents eventually cause stain

wear of the enamel surface cause stains to seep through

what 3 factors affect stain accumulation

predisposing factors Personal care procedures, I can reduce stands Advantages of starting a smoking cessation program

what four things should be included when recording stains

Colour Type extent location

three basic steps in calculus formation

pellicle formation plaque maturation mineralization

how many hours does it take for mature plaque to mineralize

24-72 hours

source of minerals for supragingival calculus

saliva

source of minerals for subgingival calculus

gingival sulcus fluid inflammatory exudate

where does crystal formation occur (calculus)

in the intercellular matrix on the surface of the bacteria within the bacteria

4 types of crystals

- hydroxyapatite - octocalcium phosphate - whitelockite - brushite

average time for calculus to form

12 days 20 for slow formers 10 for rapid formers

6 factors that contribute to rate of calculus formation

- lack of mastication - unopposed teeth - some drugs (diuretics, beta blockers) - open bites - dialysis - tube fed patients

what colour is supragingival calculus

yellow or white

what colour is subgingival calculus

grey or black

what are the layers between calculus called…?

incremental lines

3 modes of calculus attachment

- by means of acquired pellicle - attachment to irregularities on tooth - attachment by by direct contact between calcified intercellular matrix + tooth surface

what kind of strokes should be used when polishing

short overlapping intermittent strokes

depostis + stains Flashcards

(83 cards)