Depression

Question 1

What are the common behavioural characteristics of depression?

Answer 1

Lack of energy and pleasure
Disruption to eating and sleeping

Question 2

What are the common emotional characteristics of depression?

Answer 2

Depressed, lower mood
Lowered self esteem and self worth

Question 3

What are the common cognitive characteristics of depression?

Answer 3

Negative thoughts
Inability to concentrate

Question 4

What are the identified behaviours in the DSM 5 for depression?

Answer 4

Depressed mood
Diminished interest/pleasure in most or all activities
Significant weight loss/gain
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Psychomotor or retardation
Fatigue or loss of energy
Feeling of worthlessness/excessive guilt
Diminished ability to think/concentrate or indecisiveness
Recurrant thoughts about death or SI

Question 5

Who created the ABC Model explanation of depression?

Answer 5

Ellis

Question 6

What does the A stand for in the ABC Model?

Answer 6

Activating event - an external trigger

Question 7

What does the B stand for in the ABC Model?

Answer 7

Beliefs - Rational or irrational thoughts

Question 8

What does the C stand for in the ABC Model?

Answer 8

Consequence - behavioural or emotional, how you respond to it

Question 9

How is depression treated using the ABC Model explanation of depression?

Answer 9

REBT Therapies

Question 10

What are the strengths of the ABC Model and REBT Therapies?

Answer 10

Practical applications - can be used to reduce depression symptoms
Evidence - David (2018) has evidence that support REBT is effective in reducing symptoms

Question 11

What are the weaknesses of the ABC Model and REBT Therapies?

Answer 11

Reductionist - only explains reactive and not endogenous depression
Controversial - focuses the responsibility of depression on the individual

Question 12

What is involved in REBT Therapies?

Answer 12

Challenges irrational thoughts. Disputes irrational belief

Question 13

What are the three kinds of disputing? (REBT therapy)

Answer 13

Logical - questions logic
Empirical - seeks evidence
Pragmatic - usefulness

Question 14

Who created the negative triad model?

Answer 14

Beck

Question 15

What are three parts involved in the negative triad explanation of depression?

Answer 15

Negative self schemas - caused by earlier negative experiences
Cognitive bias - negative schemas become biases
Negative triad

Question 16

What are the two types of negative cognitive bias in the triad explanation?

Answer 16

Overgeneralising - “I’m going to fail every formal
Catastophising - “I’m going to fail at life and die alone with nothing”

Question 17

What are the three parts involved in the negative triad?

Answer 17

Negative views of the world
Negative views about oneself
Negative views about the future

Question 18

What are the strengths of the Negative triad explanation of depression?

Answer 18

Practical applications - can be used to help young people
Supporting research - Cohen tracked the development of 473 teens and was able to predict later depression by assessing cognitive vulnerability

Question 19

What is the weakness of the negative triad explanation of depression?

Answer 19

Reductionist - not all aspects of depression explained by cognitive vulnerabilities (possible biological factors)

Question 20

How is depression treated using the negative triad explanation of depression?

Answer 20

CBT Therapies

Question 21

What is involved in CBT to treat depression?

Answer 21

Focuses on goals and present events. Negative thoughts restated into positive. Clarify problem, set small goals, challenge thoughts, set homework

Question 22

What is the strength of CBT treatment for depression?

Answer 22

Effective - March compared CBT to antidepressants and a combination either SSRIs. 81% CBT, 86% Combination

Question 23

What is the weakness of CBT treatment of depression?

Answer 23

May not always work. Patients may not be motivated