Depression Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is depression?
A mental health disorder, most commonly
associated with low mood and low levels of
energy
DSM-5 outlines the following
Major Depressive Disorder
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
how many people are diagnosed with depression each week in the UK
Around 3 in 100 people
Behavioural characteristics of depression
-Low activity levels often leading to withdrawal from life
-Disruption of eating or sleeping behaviours eg. more or less than usual
-Harm towards others or self in the form of physical or verbal assault
emotional characteristics of depression
-Lowered mood
-anger at yourself or others
-lower self esteem
Cognitive characteristics of depression
-Poor concentration
-Unable to focus on the positives
-Absolutist thinking also known as black or white thinking
What are the two names of the cognitive explanations of depression
Becks cognitive theory
Elis’s ABC model
Elis’s ABC model consists of
-Irrational beliefs cause depression
-A = Activating event This is the ‘trigger’ and usually an external event. For example
‘you get made redundant at work’
-B = Beliefs These can be rational (in healthy people) or irrational.
For example ‘its because they were overstaffed’ or ‘because they have always hated me’
-C = Consequences These are the emotional and behavioural changes rational is usually acceptance whereas irrational can lead to depressive behaviours.
-Musturbatory thinking = Thinking that in order to be happy you must have certain things in life and when you fall short of them, you become depressed
Beck’s Negative Triad
-Faulty information processing - Ignoring the positives in the situation
-Negative self schemas formed-interpret all information about themselves in a negative way
-Negative triad-3 key elements in a person’s belief system
negative views of self - negative views of the world - negative view of the future
Becks theory research support
-65 Pregnant women with high cognitive vulnerability were more likely to form depression
-Cognition is there before depression develops
Places too much emphasis on cognition
Ignores other factors like the link between insecure attachments in childhood or biological reasons like low serotonin
Becks practical application
Identify components of negative triad and combat them in CBT
Ellis practical application
Identify and challenge irrational beliefs in REBT
What are the stages of Becks cognitive behavioral therapy
-Identify automatic thoughts about your negative triad
-Challenge the irrational views
‘Im so lazy’-‘I work hard and am tired when I get home’
-Set homework to work on irrational beliefs and challenge them
What does Ellis’ cognitive behavioral therapy stand for
REBT ( rational emotional behavioral therapy)
Elis’ therapy explenations
-Activating event
-Beliefs
-Consequences
-Disputing irrational beliefs and thoughts
-Effects of disputing
-The therapist disputes irrational
beliefs using the empirical and logical arguments to break the link between the negative event and depression
-Logical arguments=using logic to dispute irrational beliefs
-Empirical arguments=using evidence to dispute irrational beliefs
Treatments research support
March
81% of CBT condition
81% of anti depressants
86% of CBT plus anti depressants
very effective w adolescent depressed teens
Treatment requires motivation
Not effective in severe cases were the patient isn’t willing to attend or do homework which then leads to more severe side effects
treatment research support counter
-The drug treatment is found to be just as effective as the CBT however it’s quicker and cheaper
-works on more severe cases and people who are less likely to open up or have learning disabilities.
-No side effects
treatment overemphasize role of cognition
-Ignore other things like circumstances
-CBT won’t work until circumstances change
-Domestic violence
Ellis’s only a partial explanation
-Reactive depression occurs as a result of an activating event
-Can’t be applied to general depression
