Depression

Question 1

What are the behavioural characteristics of depression

Answer 1

Reduced activity levels, disrupted sleeping and eating, aggressive acts

Question 2

What is reduced activity levels

Answer 2

People feel lethargic and struggle to get out of bed.

Question 3

What is aggressive acts

Answer 3

Self-harming

Question 4

What is a disrupted eating and sleeping schedule

Answer 4

Reduced or increased sleep (hypersomnia and insomnia) or appetite.

Question 5

What are the emotional characteristics of depression

Answer 5

Anger, Lowered self-esteem, lowered mood.

Question 6

What is anger

Answer 6

Anger at self that leads to self harm

Question 7

What is lowered self-esteem

Answer 7

The person likes themselves less (self-loathing)

Question 8

What is lowered mood

Answer 8

People describe themselves as worthless and empty

Question 9

What are the cognitive characteristics of depression

Answer 9

Poor concentration, absolutist thinking, attending the negatives

Question 10

What is poor concentration

Answer 10

The person finds it difficult to stick with a task or finds decision making difficult.

Question 11

What is absolutist thinking

Answer 11

When a situation is unfortunate, it seems like a disaster

Question 12

What is attending the negatives

Answer 12

A bias towards focusing on negative aspects of situations

Question 13

What are cognitions

Answer 13

Internal and private thought processes

Question 14

What are examples of cognitions

Answer 14

Memory, logic, humour, concentration

Question 15

What is a schema

Answer 15

A cognitive shortcut

Question 16

Due to the cognitive approach, what causes depression

Answer 16

Negative and irrational thoughts

Question 17

What 3 things are depression due to according to Beck

Answer 17

Faulty information processing, negative self-schemas and the negative triad

Question 18

What is faulty information processing

Answer 18

Interpreting all situations irrationally

Question 19

What is catostrophising

Answer 19

Relatively normal events are perceived as disasters

Question 20

What is black and white thinking

Answer 20

Classify everything as two extreme categories

Question 21

What is arbitrary inferences

Answer 21

Drawing negative conclusions without having evidence to support them.

Question 22

What is a negative self-schema

Answer 22

Viewing yourself negatively

Question 23

What is a negative self-schema example

Answer 23

no one likes me, I’m fat, I’m ugly, I’m stupid

Question 24

What is the negative triad

Answer 24

Negative views about yourself, the world and your future.

Question 25

What is ellis' ABC model

Answer 25

Activating event Belief about the event Consequences of the belief

Question 26

What part of the ABC model causes depression

Answer 26

Beliefs about the activating event

Question 27

Real-world application of depression

Answer 27

CBT based on the idea irrational thoughts cause depression aims to challenge irrational beliefs.

Question 28

Alternative explanation of depression

Answer 28

Reduced serotonin causes depression, proved by anti-depressants working.

Question 29

What is depressive realism

Answer 29

The idea that some depressed people are accurate in their assessment of situations

Question 30

Example of depressive realism

Answer 30

Passing of a family member- it is rational to be sad.

Question 31

Research support of depression

Answer 31

Grazioli and Terry found pregnant women were cognitively vulnerable, making them likely to develop post natal depression

Question 32

Depression is an incomplete explanation

Answer 32

Becks theory doesn't explain emotional aspects of depression such as low self esteem, mood and anger. Decreases explanatory power.

Question 33

Depression machine reductionism

Answer 33

Reduces depression to cognitions and input/output

Question 34

Beck determinism

Answer 34

If you are irrational you will get an illness

Question 35

Ellis free will

Answer 35

We choose our response to a traumatic event

Question 36

What theory is CBT based on

Answer 36

Becks theory

Question 37

What is the aim of CBT

Answer 37

Identify and challenge irrational thoughts.

Question 38

Who is involved in CBT

Answer 38

Patient and therapist

Question 39

How long do CBT sessions last

Answer 39

1Hour weekly sessions for 5-20 weeks.

Question 40

What is patient as scientist

Answer 40

The patient generates a thought and provides evidence to disprove the thought/hypothesis, such as recording every compliment.

Question 41

What is homework

Answer 41

Tasks set by the therapist for the client to do between sessions, such as keeping a thought diary.

Question 42

What is thought catching

Answer 42

A patient records a thought every time it comes to them.

Question 43

What is cognitive restructuring

Answer 43

The patient finds new ways to think about the thoughts by finding a new positive perspective.

Question 44

What is behavioural activation

Answer 44

Encourages client to identify and participate in activities that they used to enjoy.

Question 45

What theory is REBT based on

Answer 45

Ellis' theory

Question 46

What is 'D' in the ABC model

Answer 46

Dispute of the beliefs, they are disagreed and argued against

Question 47

What is the 'E' in the ABC model

Answer 47

Effect of disputing the beliefs, feeling better etc.

Question 48

Ethical issues of CBT

Answer 48

May need to explore their past which can be traumatic, could also be ignored as a cause leaving it untreated.

Question 49

CBT empowering the client

Answer 49

It removes dependency on the therapist allowing you to feel independent and capable

Question 50

CBT fails to address continuing experiences

Answer 50

A bad marriage or critical job will continue to produce irrational thoughts and maladaptive behaviour.

Question 51

CBT effort

Answer 51

Takes effort and motivation that those who are bed bound and have worse cases may not be able to engage with.